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Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 21

Vyākaraṇa-saṅgraha: Pada–Vibhakti–Kāraka–Lakāra–Samāsa

भूवाद्या धातवः प्रोक्ताः सनाद्यन्तास्तथा ततः । लडीरितो वर्तमाने भूतेऽनद्यतने तथा ॥ २१ ॥

bhūvādyā dhātavaḥ proktāḥ sanādyantāstathā tataḥ | laḍīrito vartamāne bhūte'nadyatane tathā || 21 ||

Akar kata kerja yang bermula dengan “bhū” diajarkan, demikian juga yang berakhir dengan imbuhan san-ādi. Sesudah itu, lakāra “laṭ” ditetapkan bagi kala kini, dan demikian juga bagi kala lampau yang tidak jauh (anadyatana).

भू-आद्याःbeginning with ‘bhū’
भू-आद्याः:
Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootभू (धातु) + आदि (प्रातिपदिक) (समास)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (निर्देश: ‘भू इत्यादि’), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; धातवः इति विशेषणम्
धातवःverbal roots
धातवः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootधातु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
प्रोक्ताःare stated
प्रोक्ताः:
Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + वच् (धातु) + क्त (कृत्) → प्रोक्त (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; (धातवः) इति विधेयः
सनादि-अन्ताःhaving san etc. as endings (sanādi)
सनादि-अन्ताः:
Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootसनादि (प्रातिपदिक; सन्-आदि) + अन्त (प्रातिपदिक) (समास)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; धातवः इति विशेषणम्; ‘ending with san etc. (sanādi affixes)’
तथाalso/likewise
तथा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (adverb)
ततःthereafter
ततः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (adverb), अनन्तरार्थक ‘thereafter/from that’
लट्laṭ (present tense/mood marker)
लट्:
Vishaya (विषय/Topic)
TypeNoun
Rootलट् (लकार-नाम)
Formलकार-शब्द (technical), प्रथमा, एकवचन (अव्ययवत्-प्रयोगः)
ईरितःis declared
ईरितः:
Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootईर्/ईरित (धातु √ईर् ‘to state’) + क्त (कृत्) → ईरित (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; (लट्) इति विधेयः; ‘is taught/declared’
वर्तमानेin the present
वर्तमाने:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Locative)
TypeNoun
Rootवर्तमान (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; ‘in the present (time)’
भूतेin the past
भूते:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Locative)
TypeNoun
Rootभूत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; ‘in the past’
अनद्यतनेnot of today (remote)
अनद्यतने:
Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootअनद्यतन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; भूत इति विशेषणम्; ‘not of today’ (remote past)
तथाlikewise
तथा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (adverb)

Sanatkumara (teaching Narada in a technical Vyakarana context)

Vrata: none

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: none

N
Narada
S
Sanatkumara

FAQs

It presents Vedāṅga-Vyākaraṇa as a disciplined means of clarity in sacred study—purifying understanding of Vedic language, which supports right knowledge (jñāna) and thus aids the pursuit of mokṣa.

Indirectly: correct grammar preserves the accurate form and meaning of mantras, names, and hymns used in Vishnu-bhakti; precise expression protects devotional recitation from distortion.

Vyākaraṇa (Sanskrit grammar): classification of verbal roots (dhātu), use of san-ādi affixes, and the application of the laṭ-lakāra for present and anadyatana (non-immediate) past contexts.