Shloka 22

Adhyaya 78Dhumralochana

सा च दृष्ट्वा तमायान्तं परपुंसो विशङ्कया ।

जगाम संमुखं तस्य पृष्ठरक्षणतत्परा ॥

sā ca dṛṣṭvā tamāyāntaṃ parapuṃso viśaṅkayā / jagāma saṃmukhaṃ tasya pṛṣṭharakṣaṇatatparā

Dia, melihat baginda menghampiri dan menyangka baginda lelaki lain, lalu pergi menghadapinya—dengan niat berjaga-jaga, melindungi bahagian belakangnya.

साshe
सा:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम (pronoun)
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण/absolutive of prior action)
TypeVerb
Rootदृश् (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त-अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund/absolutive), ‘having seen’
तम्him
तम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
आयान्तम्approaching
आयान्तम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण/adjectival to ‘tam’)
TypeVerb
Rootआ-या (धातु)
Formवर्तमान-कृदन्त (शतृ/Present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘coming/approaching’
परपुंसःof another man/stranger
परपुंसः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/possessive)
TypeNoun
Rootपर + पुंस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (genitive determinative) ‘other-man’; पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive), एकवचन
विशङ्कयाwith suspicion
विशङ्कया:
Karana (करण/Instrument-cause)
TypeNoun
Rootविशङ्का (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental), एकवचन
जगामwent
जगाम:
Kriya (क्रिया/Main verb)
TypeVerb
Rootगम् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
संमुखम्to the front; face-to-face
संमुखम्:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/locative sense; direction)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसंमुख (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययीभाव-निभ (adverbial accusative used as indeclinable): ‘to the front/face to face’
तस्यof him
तस्य:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/possessive)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
पृष्ठरक्षणतत्पराintent on guarding (his) back
पृष्ठरक्षणतत्परा:
Karta (कर्ता; predicate adjective to ‘सा’)
TypeAdjective
Rootपृष्ठ + रक्षण + तत्पर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formबहुपद-तत्पुरुष (determinative): ‘back-protection-intent’; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘devoted to protecting (his) back’
Narratorial Purāṇic narration (genealogical episode; not Devi Māhātmya frame)
Sūrya (Bhānumān/Bhāskara/Vivasvān)SaṃjñāChāyā
GenealogyDisguise and recognitionMarital fidelityProtection and modesty (strī-dharma motif)

FAQs

The verse underscores vigilance and discernment in intimate relations: recognition and trust are not blind; propriety and self-protection are valued, especially in situations of uncertainty.

Vaṃśa/vaṃśānucarita (dynastic genealogy and the deeds of the line): it sets up the births that define the Solar lineage and the Vaivasvata manvantara.

The ‘approaching other man’ motif can be read as the play of appearance (chāyā/semblance) versus essence (svarūpa): discernment pierces nāma-rūpa to reach truth.