Shloka 23

Adhyaya 70 — The King Confronts the Rakshasa and Restores the Brahmin’s Wife

Sanskrit

ततोऽस्माभिरिदन्तस्य वैकल्यमुपपादितम् ।

पत्नीविना पुमानिज्याकर्मयोग्यो न जायते ॥

Transliteration

tato 'smābhir idaṃ tasya vaikalyam upapāditam | patnīvinā pumān ijyākarmayogyo na jāyate ||

Translation

“Oleh itu kami menimpakan kecacatan ini kepadanya: tanpa isteri, seorang lelaki tidak layak melaksanakan ibadat korban (ijyā-karman).”

Word by Word

• ततः: then
• ततः: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverb)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (indeclinable adverb: 'then/thereupon')

• अस्माभिः: by us
• अस्माभिः: Karta (कर्ता/Agent; instrumental of agent)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental), बहुवचन; सर्वनाम

• इदन्तस्य: of this one (that man)
• इदन्तस्य: Shashthi-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदन्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive), एकवचन

• वैकल्यम्: defect/impairment
• वैकल्यम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वैकल्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन

• उपपादितम्: was brought about
• उपपादितम्: Kriya (क्रिया; passive predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उप + पद् (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोग-सूचक (passive sense): 'was caused/produced'

• पत्न्या: with a wife
• पत्न्या: Saha/Instrument (सह/करण; with vinā = without)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पत्नी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental), एकवचन

• विना: without
• विना: Nishedha-sambandha (निषेध-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: विना (अव्यय)
• Form: उपसर्गसदृश-अव्यय/निपात (preposition-like indeclinable) governing तृतीया: 'without'

• पुमान्: a man
• पुमान्: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुमांस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• इज्याकर्मयोग्यः: fit for the act of worship/sacrifice
• इज्याकर्मयोग्यः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: इज्या + कर्मन् + योग्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; समासः—इज्यायाः कर्म (worship-rite) तस्य योग्यः (fit)

• न: not
• न: Nishedha (निषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय (negative particle)

• जायते: is born/comes to be
• जायते: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: जन् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन, आत्मनेपद

Speakers

• Rākṣasa to the King

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "raudra", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Householder dharma and ritual eligibility
• Role of patnī in Vedic rites
• Adharma targeting dharmic infrastructure

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The text emphasizes the partnered nature of many Vedic rites: the household (especially the patnī) is integral to yajña. Ethically, it condemns strategies that disable dharma by attacking family stability.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Dharma/ācāra teaching within narrative: it touches ritual qualification (adhikāra) rather than cosmological creation or dynastic lists.

What is the esoteric significance?

Patnī can symbolize śakti/enablement in ritual life: removing her represents severing the ‘power’ that makes sacred action effective—dharma without its living support becomes sterile.