Shloka 64

Adhyaya 57 — The Ninefold Divisions of Bharata: Mountains, Rivers, and Peoples

Sanskrit

तत्कर्मनिगडग्रस्तैः स्वकर्मख्यापनोत्सुकः । न किञ्चित् क्रियते कर्म सुखलेशोपबृंहितैः ॥

Transliteration

tatkarmanigaḍagrastaiḥ svakarmakhyāpanotsukaḥ | na kiñcit kriyate karma sukhaleśopabṛṃhitaiḥ ||

Translation

Terbelenggu oleh rantai karma sendiri dan hanya ghairah untuk mempamerkan perbuatan mereka, orang yang sombong kerana serpihan kecil kenikmatan tidak melakukan sebarang tindakan yang bermakna.

Word by Word

• तत्: that
• तत्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (n.), प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; विशेषणम् (कर्म-सम्बन्धे ‘तत्’ = that)

• कर्मनिगडग्रस्तैः: by those seized by the fetters of karma
• कर्मनिगडग्रस्तैः: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कर्म + निगड + ग्रस्त (कृदन्त; ग्रस् (धातु) + क्त)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त-विशेषण, पुंलिङ्ग (m.), तृतीया (Instr. 3), बहुवचन; समासः (कर्म-निगडेन ग्रस्ताः)

• स्वकर्मख्यापनोत्सुकः: eager to proclaim one’s own deeds
• स्वकर्मख्यापनोत्सुकः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्व + कर्म + ख्यापन + उत्सुक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nom. 1), एकवचन; समासः (स्वकर्म-ख्यापने उत्सुकः)

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक-अव्यय

• किञ्चित्: anything
• किञ्चित्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: किञ्चित् (सर्वनाम/अव्ययवत्)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (n.), द्वितीया (Acc. 2), एकवचन; अनिश्चित-परिमाणवाचक (indefinite pronoun)

• क्रियते: is done
• क्रियते: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन, आत्मनेपद; कर्मणि प्रयोगः (passive)

• कर्म: action/deed
• कर्म: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (n.), प्रथमा (Nom. 1), एकवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोगे कर्तृस्थानी (subject in passive)

• सुखलेशोपबृंहितैः: by those inflated by a mere trace of pleasure
• सुखलेशोपबृंहितैः: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुख + लेश + उपबृंहित (कृदन्त; उप-बृंह् (धातु) + क्त)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त-विशेषण, पुंलिङ्ग (m.), तृतीया (Instr. 3), बहुवचन; समासः (सुख-लेशेन उपबृंहितैः = slightly augmented by pleasure)

Speakers

• Frame dialogue context; speaker not explicit in given excerpt

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Karma
• Bondage
• Ego
• Ethics
• Spiritual discipline

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Pleasure and self-advertisement can become subtle bondage: when one seeks recognition rather than righteousness, one stagnates and fails to generate liberating or elevating karma.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ethical-karmic instruction embedded in cosmological teaching: it explains how karma binds and why the karmabhūmi must be used with inner discipline.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Shackles of karma’ points to saṃskāra-driven compulsion; ‘inflated by a fragment of pleasure’ indicates how minor sensory rewards reinforce deep patterns that obstruct tapas and jñāna.