Shloka 45

Adhyaya 57 — The Ninefold Divisions of Bharata: Mountains, Rivers, and Peoples

Sanskrit

अथापरे जनपदा दक्षिणापथवासिनः । पुण्ड्राश्च केवलाश्चैव गोलाङ्गूलास्तथैव च ॥

Transliteration

athāpare janapadā dakṣiṇāpathavāsinaḥ / puṇḍrāśca kevalāścaiva golāṅgūlāstathaiva ca

Translation

Kini (akan aku sebutkan) negeri-negeri lain—mereka yang mendiami laluan selatan (Dakṣiṇāpatha): Puṇḍra, Kevala, dan juga Golāṅgūla.

Word by Word

• अथ: then/next
• अथ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; आरम्भ/अनन्तर (sequence marker)

• अपरे: other
• अपरे: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अपर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; विशेषण (qualifying ‘janapadāḥ’)

• जनपदाः: countries/peoples
• जनपदाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जनपद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन

• दक्षिणापथवासिनः: inhabitants of the Dakṣiṇāpatha (southern region)
• दक्षिणापथवासिनः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दक्षिणापथ + वासिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष: ‘दक्षिणापथे वासिनः’ = inhabitants of the southern route/Deccan

• पुण्ड्राः: the Puṇḍras
• पुण्ड्राः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुण्ड्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; जनपद-नाम

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक निपात (conjunction)

• केवलाः: the Kevalas
• केवलाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: केवल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; जनपद-नाम (also ‘only/sole’ as adj., here ethnonym)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक निपात (conjunction)

• एव: indeed/also
• एव: Sambandha/Emphasis (सम्बन्ध/अवधारण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अवधारण (emphatic particle)

• गोलाङ्गूलाः: the Golāṅgūlas
• गोलाङ्गूलाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गोल + अङ्गूल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष (name): ‘गोल-अङ्गूल’

• तथा: likewise
• तथा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; प्रकार/समुच्चय (adverb: likewise)

• एव: indeed
• एव: Sambandha/Emphasis (सम्बन्ध/अवधारण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अवधारण (emphatic particle)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक निपात (conjunction)

Speakers

• Paurāṇic narrator (geographical enumeration; frame-speaker not explicit in the given excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Geography
• Dakshinapatha
• Directional catalogues

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The Dakṣiṇāpatha is treated as an integral segment of the inhabited world; the purāṇic map is pan-regional, not confined to a single ‘heartland.’

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Cosmography (bhū-varṇana) embedded within the Purāṇa’s broader historical framework.

What is the esoteric significance?

Directional movement (north → east → south) can be read as a ritual circumambulation of Bhārata in text-form, a literary pradakṣiṇā.