Shloka 19

Adhyaya 57 — The Ninefold Divisions of Bharata: Mountains, Rivers, and Peoples

Sanskrit

वेदस्मृतिर्वेदवती वृत्रघ्री सिन्धुरेव च ।

वेण्वा सानन्दनी चैव सदानीरा मही तथा ॥

Transliteration

vedasmṛtir vedavatī vṛtraghrī sindhur eva ca / veṇvā sānandanī caiva sadānīrā mahī tathā

Translation

(Sungai-sungai) Vedasṃṛti, Vedavatī, Vṛtraghrī, dan juga Sindhu; Veṇvā, Sānandanī, Sadānīrā, dan demikian pula Mahī.

Word by Word

• वेदस्मृतिः: Veda-smṛti
• वेदस्मृतिः: कर्ता (List item)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वेद (प्रातिपदिक) + स्मृति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (Determinative; river-name), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• वेदवती: Vedavatī
• वेदवती: कर्ता (List item)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वेदवती (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• वृत्रघ्री: Vṛtraghrī
• वृत्रघ्री: कर्ता (List item)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृत्र (प्रातिपदिक) + घ्री/घ्नि (प्रातिपदिक; 'slayer')
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (Determinative; river-name), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• सिन्धुः: Sindhu
• सिन्धुः: कर्ता (List item)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सिन्धु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• एव: indeed, just
• एव: निपात (Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, अवधारण (particle of emphasis)

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, समुच्चय

• वेण्वा: Veṇvā
• वेण्वा: कर्ता (List item)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वेण्वा/वेण्वा́ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (river-name), प्रथमा, एकवचन

• सानन्दनी: Sānandanī
• सानन्दनी: कर्ता (List item)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स + आनन्दनी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास (Descriptive; 'आनन्दनी' with 'स' as intensifier/with), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, समुच्चय

• एव: also/indeed
• एव: निपात (Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, अवधारण

• सदानीरा: Sadānīrā
• सदानीरा: कर्ता (List item)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सदा (अव्यय) + नीर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभाव-समास (Adverbial: 'सदा नीरम्/नीरा यस्याः'), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• मही: Mahī
• मही: कर्ता (List item)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मही (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• तथा: and also
• तथा: समुच्चय (Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, समुच्चयार्थ

Speakers

• Unspecified in provided excerpt (catalogue continues)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Geography
• River epithets
• Sacred nomenclature

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

River-names encode memory (smṛti) and revelation (veda): tradition preserves sanctity through naming, teaching communities to treat waters as carriers of culture and dharma.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Supplementary geographic material; indirectly supports vaṃśa/vaṃśānucarita by mapping regions where dynasties and rites occur.

What is the esoteric significance?

Names like Vṛtraghrī echo the Vedic motif of releasing waters—symbolizing the breaking of inner obstruction so the ‘stream’ of clarity can move.