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Shloka 2

Adhyaya 56The Descent and Fourfold Course of the Ganga; Jambudvipa’s Varshas and Their Conditions

सा प्रविश्य सुधायोनिṃ सोममाधारमम्भसाम् ।

ततः सम्बध्यमानार्करश्मिसङ्गतिपावनी ॥

sā praviśya sudhāyoniṃ somamādhāramambhasām /

tataḥ sambadhyamānārkaraśmisaṅgatipāvanī

Memasuki sumber amerta—Soma, penopang segala perairan—kemudian ia menjadi penyuci melalui sentuhan dan keterhubungannya dengan sinar-sinar matahari.

she
:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormSarvanāma (Pronoun/सर्वनाम), Strīliṅga (Feminine/स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Prathamā vibhakti (Nominative/प्रथमा), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन)
praviśyahaving entered
praviśya:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial modifier)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpra-viś (धातु)
FormKṛdanta: Absolutive/Gerund (त्वान्त/ल्यप्), avyaya-prayoga (indeclinable usage)
sudhāyonimthe source of nectar
sudhāyonim:
Karma (कर्म/Object; entered-into)
TypeNoun
Rootsudhā-yoni (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga (Feminine/स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Dvitīyā vibhakti (Accusative/द्वितीया), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन); samāsa: sudhā (nectar) + yoni (source)
somamSoma (the Moon/nectar)
somam:
Karma (कर्म/Object; in apposition/qualifier)
TypeNoun
Rootsoma (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (Masculine/पुंलिङ्ग), Dvitīyā vibhakti (Accusative/द्वितीया), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन)
ādhāramsupport/receptacle
ādhāram:
Karma (कर्म/Object; apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootādhāra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (Masculine/पुंलिङ्ग), Dvitīyā vibhakti (Accusative/द्वितीया), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन)
ambhasāmof the waters
ambhasām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootambhas (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter/नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Ṣaṣṭhī vibhakti (Genitive/षष्ठी), Bahuvacana (Plural/बहुवचन)
tataḥthereafter/from there
tataḥ:
Apādāna-artha (अपादानार्थ/Source-sense adverb)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottatas (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya (Indeclinable/अव्यय); ‘thereafter/from there’
sambadhyamānābeing connected/joined
sambadhyamānā:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootsam-bandh (धातु)
FormKṛdanta: Śatṛ/Śānac (Present passive participle/शानच्), Strīliṅga (Feminine/स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Prathamā vibhakti (Nominative/प्रथमा), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन); karmaṇi-prayoga sense ‘being connected’
arka-raśmi-saṅgati-pāvanīpurifying through contact with the sun’s rays
arka-raśmi-saṅgati-pāvanī:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootarka-raśmi-saṅgati-pāvanī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga (Feminine/स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Prathamā vibhakti (Nominative/प्रथमा), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन); samāsa chain: arka (sun) + raśmi (ray) + saṅgati (contact/association) + pāvanī (purifying)
Mārkaṇḍeya (continuing narration)
GaṅgāSoma (Moon)Arka (Sun)
Gaṅgā as purifying Devī
CosmologySacred GeographyPurification symbolism

FAQs

Purity is depicted as a cosmic process: the river’s sanctity is reinforced by her association with Soma (nectar) and the Sun (illumination), implying that cleansing involves both cooling nourishment and clarifying radiance.

Sthāna: it situates Gaṅgā within a cosmic hydrology linking lunar and solar principles.

Soma and Arka can be read as inner psycho-spiritual forces (cooling mind-nectar and illuminating discernment). Gaṅgā’s ‘pāvanī’ nature arises when these are harmonized.