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Shloka 31

Adhyaya 50Mind-Born Progeny, Svayambhuva Manu’s Lineage, and Brahmā’s Ordinance to Duḥsaha (Alakṣmī’s Retinue)

वेदनात्मसुतञ्चापि दुःखं जज्ञेऽथ रौरवात् ।

मृत्योर्व्याधि-जराशोक-तृष्णा-क्रोधाश्च जज्ञिरे ॥

vedanātmasutaṃ cāpi duḥkhaṃ jajñe 'tha rauravāt | mṛtyor vyādhi-jarā-śoka-tṛṣṇā-krodhāś ca jajñire ||

Daripada keturunan Vedanā lahir Duḥkha (Penderitaan), melalui Raurava. Dan daripada Mṛtyu (Kematian) lahir Vyādhi (Penyakit), Jarā (Tua), Śoka (Duka), Tṛṣṇā (Dahaga/Keinginan), dan Krodha (Kemarahan).

vedanā-ātma-sutamVedanā’s own son
vedanā-ātma-sutam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvedanā (प्रातिपदिक) + ātma (प्रातिपदिक) + suta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष-श्रृंखला: vedanāyāḥ ātma-sutaḥ ‘own son of Vedanā’); पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (कर्म), एकवचन; Masculine, Accusative, Singular
caand
ca:
Avyaya (अव्यय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय-निपात
apialso
api:
Avyaya (अव्यय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अपि-निपात (also/even)
duḥkhamsorrow, suffering
duḥkham:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootduḥkha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (कर्ता), एकवचन; Neuter, Nominative, Singular
jajñewas born
jajñe:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√jan (जन् धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन; Perfect, 3rd person, Singular; आत्मनेपद
athathen
atha:
Avyaya (अव्यय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootatha (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अनुक्रमार्थक (then)
rauravātfrom Raurava (a hell / Raurava personified)
rauravāt:
Apādāna (अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootraurava (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (अपादान), एकवचन; Neuter, Ablative, Singular
mṛtyoḥof Death
mṛtyoḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootmṛtyu (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (सम्बन्ध), एकवचन; Masculine, Genitive, Singular
vyādhi-jarā-śoka-tṛṣṇā-krodhāḥdisease, old age, grief, thirst, and anger
vyādhi-jarā-śoka-tṛṣṇā-krodhāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootvyādhi (प्रातिपदिक) + jarā (प्रातिपदिक) + śoka (प्रातिपदिक) + tṛṣṇā (प्रातिपदिक) + krodha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formद्वन्द्व-समास (समाहार/इतरेतर; list-compound); प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; Nominative, Plural; लिङ्गं समाहारे नपुंसकं सम्भवति, परन्तु अत्र बहुवचन-प्रयोगः (व्याधि-...-क्रोधाः) पुंलिङ्ग-बहुवचनानुसारः
caand
ca:
Avyaya (अव्यय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय-निपात
jajñirewere born
jajñire:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√jan (जन् धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष, बहुवचन; Perfect, 3rd person, Plural; आत्मनेपद
Frame dialogue tradition (sage-narration within Markandeya Purana); specific speaker not explicit in supplied excerpt

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

SufferingKarmic-ethical causalityMortalityPsychology of afflictions

FAQs

The verse groups the classic afflictions of embodied existence—disease, aging, grief, craving, anger—as ‘children of death,’ i.e., inseparable companions of mortality. It encourages dharmic restraint and insight to reduce the secondary sufferings (tṛṣṇā, krodha) that amplify inevitable decay.

Sarga/Pratisarga: cataloging the emergence of existential afflictions as part of the created order, presented through lineage.

Vyādhi and jarā represent bodily impermanence; śoka, tṛṣṇā, krodha represent mental reactions. The teaching implies liberation is chiefly from the reactive triad (grief–craving–anger), even if birth-death processes continue.