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Shloka 44

Adhyaya 48The Emanation of Beings from Brahma: Night, Day, Twilight, and the Orders of Creation

यथार्तावृतुलिङ्गानि नानारूपाणि पर्यये ।

दृश्यन्ते तानि तान्येव तथा भावाः युगादिषु ॥

yathārtāvṛtuliṅgāni nānārūpāṇi paryaye / dṛśyante tāni tānyeva tathā bhāvā yugādiṣu

Sebagaimana tanda-tanda khas musim muncul berturut-turut dalam pelbagai rupa—pola yang sama itu berulang-ulang—demikian juga keadaan dan tahap-tahap berulang pada permulaan yuga-yuga.

yathājust as
yathā:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyathā (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (उपमान/प्रकारवाचक अव्यय)
ṛtauin a season
ṛtau:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootṛtu (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)
ṛtu-liṅgāniseasonal signs
ṛtu-liṅgāni:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootṛtu (प्रातिपदिक) + liṅga (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन); Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) = seasonal marks/signs
nānā-rūpāṇiof various forms
nānā-rūpāṇi:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootnānā (अव्यय) + rūpa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन); Karmadhāraya (कर्मधारय) ‘many-varied forms’ qualifying liṅgāni
paryayein succession/turn
paryaye:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootparyaya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)
dṛśyanteare seen/appear
dṛśyante:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootdṛś (धातु)
FormPresent (लट्), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद), 3rd Person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन); passive-like sense ‘are seen’
tānithose
tāni:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)
tānithose (same)
tāni:
Anuvāda (अनुवाद/echo)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd), Plural (बहुवचन)
evaindeed
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
FormEmphatic particle (अवधारण अव्यय)
tathāso/likewise
tathā:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottathā (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (तुल्यतावाचक अव्यय)
bhāvāḥstates/conditions/entities
bhāvāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootbhāva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)
yuga-ādiṣuin the yugas and so on (at their beginnings)
yuga-ādiṣu:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootyuga (प्रातिपदिक) + ādi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Plural (बहुवचन); Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) = in the beginnings of yugas etc.
Narrative voice within the cosmology account (contextually Markandeya speaking in the broader dialogue)
CosmologyCyclic timeYuga theoryRecurrence of archetypes

FAQs

History is cyclical: patterns return. This encourages discernment—recognizing recurring tendencies—and steadiness in dharma rather than being overwhelmed by changing appearances.

It bridges Sarga with Manvantara/Kalpa thinking by emphasizing periodic re-manifestation: the same templates reappear at each yuga’s commencement.

Seasonal ‘signs’ are a microcosm of cosmic rhythm: the macrocycle (yugas) mirrors the microcycle (ṛtus). The verse implies an underlying invariant order (ṛta) expressing itself through repeating forms.