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Shloka 30

Adhyaya 46Cosmic Dissolution, the Emergence of Brahma, and the Measures of Time (Yugas, Manvantaras, and Brahma’s Day)

कलिः सहस्रं दिव्यानामब्दानां द्विजसत्तम ।

सन्ध्या सन्ध्यांशकश्चैव शतकौ समुदाहृतौ ॥

kaliḥ sahasraṃ divyānām abdānāṃ dvijasattama | sandhyā sandhyāṃśakaś caiva śatakau samudāhṛtau ||

Yuga Kali ialah seribu tahun dewa, wahai yang terbaik antara yang dua kali lahir. Sandhyā dan sandhyāṃśa-nya masing-masing dinyatakan seratus tahun.

kaliḥKali (age)
kaliḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootkali (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; युगनाम
sahasramone thousand
sahasram:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootsahasra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन
divyānāmof divine
divyānām:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootdivya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन; विशेषण (qualifies abdānām)
abdānāmof years
abdānām:
Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootabda (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन
dvija-sattamaO best of the twice-born
dvija-sattama:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootdvija-sattama (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (8th/Vocative), एकवचन; कर्मधारय (dvijaḥ sattamaḥ = best of the twice-born)
sandhyāthe sandhyā (junction)
sandhyā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsandhyā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
sandhyāṃśakaḥthe sandhyā-portion
sandhyāṃśakaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsandhyā-aṃśaka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (sandhyāyāḥ aṃśakaḥ = a portion of sandhyā)
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)
evaindeed
eva:
Avadhāraṇa (अवधारण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अवधारण (emphasis)
śatakautwo hundreds
śatakau:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootśataka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), द्विवचन; 'two hundreds' as a pair/dual
samudāhṛtauare declared / are stated
samudāhṛtau:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootsam-ud-√āhṛ (आहृ धातु) + kta (कृदन्त)
Formकृदन्त (past passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), द्विवचन; कर्मणि-भाव (predicate: 'are declared')
Didactic narrator addressing a brāhmaṇa interlocutor (dvijasattama).

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

CosmologyYuga durationsKali-yuga

FAQs

Even in Kali, dharma is not absent—junction periods still exist; the teaching supports hope and responsibility rather than despair about the age.

Yuga reckoning is a core chronological tool used in manvantara and dynastic narration (vaṃśa/vaṃśānucarita).

The smallest yuga with the smallest junctions symbolizes compressed opportunity—spiritual urgency and intensified practice in constrained conditions.