Shloka 38

Adhyaya 43 — Portents of Death (Ariṣṭa-lakṣaṇas) and the Yogin’s Response; Alarka Renounces Kingship

Sanskrit

योगिनां सततं यत्नादरिष्टान्यवनीपते ।

संवत्सरान्ते तज्ज्ञेयं फलदानि दिवानिशम् ॥

Transliteration

yogināṃ satataṃ yatnād ariṣṭāny avanīpate / saṃvatsarānte taj jñeyaṃ phaladāni divāniśam

Translation

Wahai tuan penguasa bumi, para yogin dengan usaha yang berterusan memerhati tanda-tanda firasat (ariṣṭa). Pada penghujung tahun, hendaklah difahami bahawa tanda-tanda itu menampakkan hasilnya—pada siang dan pada malam.

Word by Word

• योगिनाम्: of yogis
• योगिनाम्: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: योगिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/षष्ठी), बहुवचन; ‘of yogis’

• सततम्: always, continually
• सततम्: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सतत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverb)

• यत्नात्: by effort, with exertion
• यत्नात्: हेतु/अपादान (Cause/Ablative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यत्न (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (Ablative/पञ्चमी), एकवचन; ‘from/through effort’

• अरिष्टानि: misfortunes, ominous signs
• अरिष्टानि: कर्म (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अरिष्ट (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Nom./Acc.), बहुवचन; ‘omens/misfortunes’

• अवनीपते: O king (lord of the earth)
• अवनीपते: सम्बोधन (Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अवनीपति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति (Vocative/सम्बोधन), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः: अवनी (earth) + पति (lord)

• संवत्सरान्ते: at the end of the year
• संवत्सरान्ते: अधिकरण (Location/Time)
• Type: Noun
• Root: संवत्सरान्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/सप्तमी), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः: संवत्सरस्य अन्तः

• तत्: that
• तत्: कर्म (Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom./Acc.), एकवचन; demonstrative pronoun

• ज्ञेयम्: should be known
• ज्ञेयम्: विधेय (Predicative/Obligation)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ज्ञा (धातु) + यत् (कृत् प्रत्यय)
• Form: कृदन्त (भाव्य/gerundive), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘to be known/should be known’

• फलदानि: fruit-giving, result-producing
• फलदानि: विशेषण (Qualifier of अरिष्टानि)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: फलद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom./Acc.), बहुवचन; तत्पुरुषः: फल + द (giving)

• दिवा: by day
• दिवा: कालाधिकरण (Temporal)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: दिव्/दिवा (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (कालवाचक/Adverb of time)

• निशम्: by night
• निशम्: कालाधिकरण (Temporal)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: निशा/निशम् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (कालवाचक/Adverb of time)

Speakers

• Instructional voice addressing King Alarka (ālarka)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Yoga
• Karma and fruition of time
• Omens (Ariṣṭa)
• Dispassion/Fearlessness

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Time (kāla) ripens causes into effects; a disciplined yogin observes signs without panic and uses that knowledge to intensify practice rather than sink into fear.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Primarily Dharma/Upadeśa material rather than sarga/pratisarga/vaṃśa/manvantara/vaṃśānucarita; it is didactic yoga instruction embedded in narrative.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Ariṣṭa’ can be read inwardly as subtle indicators in prāṇa and citta; recognizing their ‘phala’ trains the yogin to witness causal maturation without identification.