Shloka 27

Adhyaya 43 — Portents of Death (Ariṣṭa-lakṣaṇas) and the Yogin’s Response; Alarka Renounces Kingship

Sanskrit

उष्ट्र-रासभयानेन यः स्वप्ने दक्षिणां दिशम् ।

प्रयाति तञ्च जानीयात् सद्योमृत्युं न संशयः ॥

Transliteration

uṣṭra-rāsabhayānena yaḥ svapne dakṣiṇāṃ diśam / prayāti tañca jānīyāt sadyomṛtyuṃ na saṃśayaḥ

Translation

Sesiapa yang dalam mimpi mengembara ke arah selatan dengan menunggang unta atau keldai—ketahuilah bahawa dia ditakdirkan mati serta-merta, tanpa ragu.

Word by Word

• uṣṭra-rāsabha-yānena: by a camel-and-donkey conveyance
• uṣṭra-rāsabha-yānena: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: uṣṭra (प्रातिपदिक) + rāsabha (प्रातिपदिक) + yāna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular; समाहार-द्वन्द्वः: उष्ट्ररासभयोः यानम् (camel-and-donkey vehicle)

• yaḥ: who
• yaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; relative pronoun

• svapne: in a dream
• svapne: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: svapna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular

• dakṣiṇām: southern
• dakṣiṇām: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dakṣiṇā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; agrees with diśam

• diśam: direction
• diśam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: diś (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular

• prayāti: goes
• prayāti: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-√yā (धातु)
• Form: Present tense (लट्), Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Singular; pra + √या = goes forth

• tam: him
• tam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; demonstrative pronoun

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चय-अव्यय)

• jānīyāt: should know
• jānīyāt: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: jñā (धातु)
• Form: Optative (विधिलिङ्), Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Singular; √ज्ञा = should know

• sadyaḥ-mṛtyum: immediate death
• sadyaḥ-mṛtyum: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sadyaḥ (अव्यय) + mṛtyu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; अव्ययीभावः: सद्यः (तत्क्षणम्) मरणम्

• na: no
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle (निषेध-अव्यय)

• saṃśayaḥ: doubt
• saṃśayaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: saṃśaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular

Speakers

• Not explicit in excerpt; dream-omen list

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Omens
• Dream interpretation
• Directions symbolism
• Mortality

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Direction-symbolism (south as the realm of Yama in cultural imagination) is used to prompt seriousness about death; the implied instruction is to complete dharma and cultivate detachment.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Ancillary omen material; not a core pancalakṣaṇa narrative.

What is the esoteric significance?

The southward journey represents the jīva’s movement toward the ‘closing’ path; humble/harsh mounts (donkey/camel) can symbolize burdened karma carrying one toward termination.