Shloka 11

Adhyaya 32 — Rules for Parvana Śrāddha: Foods that Please the Ancestors and Items to Avoid

Sanskrit

वर्ज्या मर्कटकाः श्राद्धे राजमाषास्तथाणवः ।

विप्राषिका मसूराश्च श्राद्धकर्मणि गर्हिताः ॥

Transliteration

varjyā markaṭakāḥ śrāddhe rājāmāṣās tathāṇavaḥ / viprāṣikā masūrāś ca śrāddhakarmaṇi garhitāḥ

Translation

Markaṭaka, rājāmāṣa, aṇu, viprāṣikā, dan masūra (kacang lentil) hendaklah dielakkan dalam śrāddha; semuanya dikecam dalam pelaksanaan upacara śrāddha.

Word by Word

• वर्ज्याः: to be avoided
• वर्ज्याः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वर्ज्य (कृदन्त; वर्ज् धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त/कर्तव्यतार्थक (to be avoided), प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन, पुंलिङ्ग; gerundive (यत्)

• मर्कटकाः: markaṭaka-grains/beans (a variety)
• मर्कटकाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मर्कटक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• श्राद्धे: in the śrāddha rite
• श्राद्धे: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्राद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (अधिकरण), एकवचन

• राजमाषाः: rājamāṣa beans (a variety)
• राजमाषाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राज + माष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; कर्मधारय (राजा इव माषाः / राज्ञः माषाः)

• तथा: also/likewise
• तथा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)

• अणवः: aṇu-grains (a variety)
• अणवः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अणु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• विप्राषिकाः: viprāṣikā (a variety of pulse)
• विप्राषिकाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विप्राषिका (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• मसूराः: lentils (masūra)
• मसूराः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मसूर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• श्राद्धकर्मणि: in the śrāddha ritual act
• श्राद्धकर्मणि: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्राद्ध + कर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (अधिकरण), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (श्राद्धस्य कर्म)

• गर्हिताः: condemned/censured
• गर्हिताः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गर्हित (कृदन्त; गर्ह् धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त), प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन, पुंलिङ्ग; predicate adjective

Speakers

• Dharmic instruction within the Markandeya Purana’s didactic discourse (speaker not explicit in the provided extract)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Śrāddha
• Pitṛ-pūjā
• Ritual prohibitions

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Dharma includes restraint: not every edible item is ritually appropriate. The verse signals the importance of tradition-bound parameters in rites meant to cultivate reverence and purity.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ācāra/dharma instruction (ancillary).

What is the esoteric significance?

Prohibited items often mark boundaries of ritual ‘sattva’ as understood by the tradition; avoidance symbolizes maintaining a refined channel for offerings to reach the ancestral sphere without ‘obstructive’ qualities.