Shloka 48

Adhyaya 31 — Yoga Philosophy

Sanskrit

हुतावशिष्टं दद्याच्च भाजनेषु द्विजनmanām ।

भाजनालम्बनं कृत्वा दद्याच्चान्नं यथाविधि ॥

Transliteration

hutāvaśiṣṭaṃ dadyācca bhājaneṣu dvijanmanām / bhājanālambhanaṃ kṛtvā dadyāccānnaṃ yathāvidhi

Translation

Hendaklah dia meletakkan makanan yang berbaki selepas persembahan kepada api ke dalam bejana para dwija (Brahmana). Setelah mengatur alas dan tempat letak bejana-bejana itu dengan tertib, hendaklah dia menghidangkan jamuan menurut tata cara yang benar, sesuai dengan peraturan.

Word by Word

• हुत-अवशिष्टम्: the remainder of the oblation
• हुत-अवशिष्टम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हुत (कृदन्त; √हु धातु) + अवशिष्ट (कृदन्त; √शिष् धातु)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; समासः षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (हुतस्य अवशिष्टम्)

• दद्यात्: should give
• दद्यात्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √दा (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-निपात (conjunction)

• भाजनेषु: in the vessels
• भाजनेषु: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भाजन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), बहुवचन

• द्वि-जनmanām: of the twice-born (Brahmins)
• द्वि-जनmanām: Shashthi-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्विजन्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), बहुवचन; समासः कर्मधारयः (द्वि + जन्मन् = द्विजन्मन्)

• भाजन-आलम्बनम्: support/holding of the vessel
• भाजन-आलम्बनम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भाजन (प्रातिपदिक) + आलम्बन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; समासः षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (भाजनस्य आलम्बनम्)

• कृत्वा: having done
• कृत्वा: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √कृ (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्ययभाव (indeclinable verbal)

• दद्यात्: should give
• दद्यात्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √दा (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-निपात (conjunction)

• अन्नम्: food
• अन्नम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्न (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन

• यथा-विधि: according to rule
• यथा-विधि: Kriya-visheshaṇa (क्रिया-विशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा (अव्यय) + विधि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभाव-समास; अव्यय (adverbial)

Speakers

• Dharma-instruction within the Markandeya Purana narrative (teacher to listener; addressed as 'putraka' later in the sequence)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Gṛhastha-dharma
• Śrāddha
• Hospitality
• Pitṛ-pūjā

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Ritual correctness is paired with respect: food is not merely served, it is served in a sanctified sequence (post-offering) and with proper arrangement, reflecting attentiveness (apramāda) and reverence toward guests and pitṛ-kriyā.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

This passage is primarily Dharma/ācāra instruction rather than the pañcalakṣaṇa core (sarga, pratisarga, vaṃśa, manvantara, vaṃśānucarita). It functions as supplementary dharma-śāstra material embedded in Purāṇic discourse.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Huta-avaśiṣṭa’ symbolizes food transformed by yajña—ordinary consumption is elevated into a sacral exchange, where feeding the worthy becomes an extension of offering into the cosmic order (ṛta).