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Shloka 37

Adhyaya 22Kuvalayashva’s Death through Daitya-Deceit and Madalasa’s Self-Immolation

नासौ शोच्यो न चैवेयं नाहं तज्जननी न च ।

त्यजता ब्राह्मणार्त्थाय प्राणान् सर्वे स्म तारिताः ॥

nāsau śocyo na caiv eyaṃ nāhaṃ taj-jananī na ca |

tyajatā brāhmaṇārthāya prāṇān sarve sma tāritāḥ ||

“Dia tidak patut diratapi, begitu juga dia; aku juga tidak patut diratapi, dan aku bukanlah ibunya dalam erti kehilangan. Dengan menyerahkan nyawanya demi seorang brāhmaṇa, kita semua telah diselamatkan.”

nanot
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormNegation particle (निषेधार्थक-अव्यय)
asauhe/that person
asau:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootasau (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun (सर्वनाम), Masculine, Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)
śocyaḥto be mourned
śocyaḥ:
Viśeṣya-predicative (विशेष्य-विशेषणभावः)
TypeAdjective
Rootśocya (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √śuc शोचने)
FormGerundive/ya-participle (तव्यत्/यत्-अर्थे), Masculine, Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular; predicate adjective
nanor
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormNegation particle (निषेधार्थक-अव्यय)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय)
evaindeed/just
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
FormEmphatic particle (अवधारणार्थक-अव्यय)
iyamthis (woman)/she
iyam:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun (सर्वनाम), Feminine, Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular
nanot
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormNegation particle (निषेधार्थक-अव्यय)
ahamI
aham:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun (सर्वनाम), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular
tatof him/that
tat:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeAdjective
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun used adjectivally, Feminine, Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Singular; qualifying ‘jananī’
jananīmother
jananī:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootjananī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular
nanor
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormNegation particle (निषेधार्थक-अव्यय)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय)
tyajatāby abandoning
tyajatā:
Karaṇa (करणम्)
TypeVerb
Root√tyaj (त्यागे)
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Singular; agreeing with an implied agent ‘by (him) abandoning’
brāhmaṇa-arthāyafor the sake of the Brahmin(s)
brāhmaṇa-arthāya:
Sampradāna (सम्प्रदानम्)
TypeNoun
Rootbrāhmaṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + artha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormDative (चतुर्थी/4), Singular; purpose ‘for the sake of Brahmins’; compound: ब्राह्मणस्य अर्थः → ब्राह्मणार्थः
prāṇānlife-breaths/lives
prāṇān:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootprāṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Plural (बहुवचन)
sarveall (of us)
sarve:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsarva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural; subject with ‘tāritāḥ’
smaindeed/then (past marker)
sma:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsma (अव्यय)
FormParticle indicating past narration/emphasis (स्म-अव्यय)
tāritāḥwere saved/rescued
tāritāḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√tṝ (तरणे)
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural; predicate ‘were saved’
Unspecified in provided excerpt (a mother/elder voice is implied by ‘jananī’)

{ "primaryRasa": "vira", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

DharmaBrāhmaṇa-protectionSelf-sacrificeMerit and deliverance (tāraṇa)

FAQs

The verse teaches that death aligned with dharma—specifically, sacrifice for the protection/service of a brāhmaṇa—transmutes grief into a sense of collective uplift and merit.

Not pañcalakṣaṇa; it is dharma-ācāra and narrative exemplum.

‘Saving all’ points to the radiating effect of a single dharmic act: inner renunciation (tyāga) is portrayed as redeeming not only the agent but also the relational field around them.