Shloka 69

Adhyaya 21 — Kuvalayashva’s Descent to Patala and the Rescue of Madalasa

Sanskrit

यदा भार्या च भर्ता च परस्परवशानुगौ । तदा धर्मार्थकामानां त्रयाणामपि सङ्गतम् ॥

Transliteration

yadā bhāryā ca bhartā ca paraspara-vaśānugau / tadā dharmārtha-kāmānāṃ trayāṇām api saṅgatam

Translation

“Apabila isteri dan suami saling memberi perhatian dan saling membimbing, maka tiga perkara—dharma, harta, dan keinginan—dicapai dengan harmoni.”

Word by Word

• यदा: when
• यदा: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदा (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (temporal adverb: when)

• भार्या: wife
• भार्या: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भार्या (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• भर्ता: husband
• भर्ता: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भर्तृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• परस्पर-वश-अनुगौ: mutually compliant
• परस्पर-वश-अनुगौ: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परस्पर + वश + अनुग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन (Dual); समासः—तत्पुरुष (परस्परस्य वशम् अनुगतः = mutually obedient/submissive)

• तदा: then
• तदा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (then)

• धर्म-अर्थ-कामानाम्: of dharma, wealth, and desire
• धर्म-अर्थ-कामानाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म + अर्थ + काम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive), बहुवचन; समासः—इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व (धर्मश्च अर्थश्च कामश्च)

• त्रयाणाम्: of the three
• त्रयाणाम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्रि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive), बहुवचन; संख्यावाचक-विशेषण (numeral adjective)

• अपि: also
• अपि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle), समुच्चय/अपि-अर्थ (also/even)

• सङ्गतम्: harmony/union (is achieved)
• सङ्गतम्: Kriya (क्रिया/विधेय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सम्-√गम् (धातु) + क्त (कृत्)
• Form: कृदन्त—क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past participle used as noun/adjective), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; here predicate nominative (agreement/union)

Speakers

• Kuṇḍala (didactic voice)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Marital harmony
• Trivarga
• Householder ethics
• Mutuality

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Ethical success in worldly life is depicted as relational: concord and mutual responsiveness prevent dharma from becoming harsh, artha from becoming exploitative, and kāma from becoming destabilizing.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ancillary nīti/dharma material; not a creation/genealogy/manvantara unit.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘meeting’ (saṅgata) of the three aims suggests inner integration: when the household is ordered, competing drives can be reconciled into a single dharmic trajectory.