Shloka 68

Adhyaya 21 — Kuvalayashva’s Descent to Patala and the Rescue of Madalasa

Sanskrit

भर्तव्या रक्षितव्या च भार्या हि पतिना सदा । धर्मार्थकामसंसिद्ध्यै भार्या भर्तृसहायिनी ॥

Transliteration

bhartavyā rakṣitavyā ca bhāryā hi patinā sadā / dharmārtha-kāma-saṃsiddhyai bhāryā bhartṛ-sahāyinī

Translation

“Seorang isteri hendaklah sentiasa dipelihara dan dilindungi oleh suaminya; kerana demi penyempurnaan dharma, harta, dan keinginan, isteri ialah pembantu suami.”

Word by Word

• भर्तव्या: is to be supported
• भर्तव्या: Kriya (क्रिया/विधेय)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भृ (धातु) + तव्यत् (कृत्)
• Form: कृदन्त—तव्यत्-प्रत्ययान्त (gerundive), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; (भार्या) भर्तव्या = is to be maintained

• रक्षितव्या: is to be protected
• रक्षितव्या: Kriya (क्रिया/विधेय)
• Type: Verb
• Root: रक्ष् (धातु) + तव्यत् (कृत्)
• Form: कृदन्त—तव्यत्-प्रत्ययान्त (gerundive), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• भार्या: wife
• भार्या: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भार्या (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन

• हि: indeed/for
• हि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle), निश्चयार्थ/हेतौ (indeed/for)

• पतिना: by the husband
• पतिना: Kartr/Agent-instrument (कर्ता/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental), एकवचन

• सदा: always
• सदा: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सदा (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of time)

• धर्म-अर्थ-काम-संसिद्ध्यै: for the fulfillment of dharma, wealth, and desire
• धर्म-अर्थ-काम-संसिद्ध्यै: Sampradana/Purpose (सम्प्रदान/प्रयोजन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म + अर्थ + काम + संसिद्धि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी-विभक्ति (Dative), एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (धर्मार्थकामानां संसिद्धिः तस्यै = for the accomplishment of dharma, artha, kāma)

• भार्या: wife
• भार्या: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भार्या (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• भर्तृ-सहायिनी: a helper/companion to the husband
• भर्तृ-सहायिनी: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भर्तृ-सहायिनी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (भर्तुः सहायिनी = helper of the husband)

Speakers

• Kuṇḍala continuing didactic counsel

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Gṛhastha-dharma
• Marital duty
• Protection (rakṣā)
• Trivarga (dharma-artha-kāma)

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Householder life is framed as cooperative: the husband’s duty is support and protection, and the wife is not incidental but a co-agent in achieving dharma, artha, and kāma. The ethic is mutual flourishing under dharma rather than mere personal gratification.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Dharma-śāstra-like instruction embedded in Purāṇic narrative; not directly pañcalakṣaṇa.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘helper’ principle can be read as the necessity of śakti (capacity/energy) for the puruṣa-like agent to realize worldly aims; without supportive power, intentions remain incomplete.