Shloka 54

Adhyaya 20 — Ritadhvaja’s Companionship with the Naga Princes and the Origin of the Horse Kuvalaya

Sanskrit

सोऽहं त्वां समनुप्राप्तस्तपसो विघ्रकारिणम् ।

तं निवारय भूपाल भागभाङ्नृपतिर्यतः ॥

Transliteration

so 'haṃ tvāṃ samanuprāptas tapaso vighrakāriṇam | taṃ nivāraya bhūpāla bhāgabhāṅ nṛpatir yataḥ ||

Translation

Oleh itu aku datang menghadap tuanku tentang orang yang menghalang tapa; tahanlah dia, wahai raja—kerana seorang pemerintah yang merampas bahagian yang sepatutnya milik orang lain adalah bersalah.

Word by Word

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• aham: I
• aham: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• tvām: you
• tvām: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yuṣmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन)

• samanuprāptaḥ: having approached
• samanuprāptaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Predicate-participle)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-anu-√prāp (धातु)
• Form: Past active participle (क्त/PPP used actively), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); ‘having come/arrived (to)’

• tapasaḥ: of austerity
• tapasaḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tapas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Singular (एकवचन)

• vighrakāriṇam: the obstructer
• vighrakāriṇam: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vighra-kārin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन); समासः—तत्पुरुष (vighrasya kārī = ‘one who causes obstruction’)

• tam: him
• tam: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन)

• nivāraya: restrain/stop
• nivāraya: Kriyā (क्रिया/Command)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ni-√vṛ (धातु)
• Form: Imperative (लोट्), 2nd Person (मध्यमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• bhūpāla: O king
• bhūpāla: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Vocative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhūpāla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Vocative (सम्बोधन/8), Singular (एकवचन)

• bhāgabhāk: entitled to a share
• bhāgabhāk: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: bhāga-bhāj (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); समासः—तत्पुरुष (bhāgasya bhāk = ‘share-receiving/entitled to a share’)

• nṛpatiḥ: the king
• nṛpatiḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nṛpati (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); समासः—षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (nṝṇāṃ patiḥ = ‘lord of men’)

• yataḥ: because
• yataḥ: Hetu (हेतु/Cause)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yatas (अव्यय/यद्-तसिल्)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), causal-relative adverb ‘because/for’ (यतः)

Speakers

• A muni (contextually: Gālava) addressing the king

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "karuna", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Protection of tapas
• King’s duty to prevent adharma
• Non-appropriation of others’ rightful share (bhāga)

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Rājadharma includes safeguarding brahminical austerity and preventing coercive appropriation. A king is censured when he becomes a 'bhāgabhāṅ'—one who wrongfully takes what belongs to another—because it corrupts both social order and spiritual merit.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Vaṃśānucarita (narratives of rulers) framed with dharma-instruction: the king’s conduct is evaluated against normative rājadharma.

What is the esoteric significance?

Tapas represents concentrated inner power. 'Obstructing tapas' is symbolically the intrusion of ego/violence into sacred discipline; the king must act as the regulating intelligence that prevents such inner disorder from becoming outer tyranny.