Shloka 65

Adhyaya 14 — The Messenger of Yama Explains Karmic Retribution and the Causes of Naraka Torments

Sanskrit

यैः प्रपा-देव-विप्रौको-देवालयसभाः शुभाः ।

भङ्क्त्वा विध्वंसमानिताः क्रोधलोभानुवर्तिभिः ॥

Transliteration

yaiḥ prapā-deva-vipra-uko-devālaya-sabhāḥ śubhāḥ /

bhaṅktvā vidhvaṃsam ānītāḥ krodha-lobhānuvartibhiḥ

Translation

Mereka yang didorong oleh kemarahan dan ketamakan, memecahkan serta membinasakan tempat tadahan air (tempat minum awam), rumah perlindungan bagi para dewa dan brahmana, kuil-kuil, serta balai perhimpunan yang suci—(mereka dihukum).

Word by Word

• यैः: by whom
• यैः: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/तृतीया), बहुवचन (Plural), सर्वनाम (pronoun)

• प्रपा: a water-shed/rest-house
• प्रपा: कर्म (Karma/Object; as item in list)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रपा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/प्रथमा), एकवचन (Singular) (समाहार/सूची-प्रयोग in compound list)

• देव: a deity
• देव: कर्म (Karma/Object; list-member)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन (list-member)

• विप्रौकः: a Brahmin’s dwelling
• विप्रौकः: कर्म (Karma/Object; list-member)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विप्र + ओकस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (विप्रौक = ब्राह्मण-गृह/abode of a Brahmin); पुल्लिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन (list-member)

• देवालयसभाः: temples and halls/assemblies
• देवालयसभाः: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देवालय + सभा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वन्द्व-समास (देवालय-सभा = temples and assembly-halls); स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/प्रथमा), बहुवचन (Plural)

• शुभाः: auspicious, good
• शुभाः: विशेषण (Adjective of देवालयसभाः etc.)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शुभ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/प्रथमा), बहुवचन (Plural)

• भङ्क्त्वा: having broken/destroyed
• भङ्क्त्वा: पूर्वकाल-क्रिया (Absolutive; prior action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भञ्ज् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय-भाव (Gerund/Absolutive), ‘having broken’

• विध्वंसम्: to ruin, destruction
• विध्वंसम्: कर्म (Karma/Object; with नीत)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विध्वंस (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसकलिङ्ग-प्रयोग (commonly masculine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/द्वितीया), एकवचन (Singular)

• आनीताः: were brought (to)
• आनीताः: कर्म (Karma; passive subject)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ + नी (धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (Past passive participle/क्त), पुल्लिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; कर्मणि-प्रयोग (passive sense) ‘having been brought’

• क्रोधलोभानुवर्तिभिः: by those who follow anger and greed
• क्रोधलोभानुवर्तिभिः: कर्ता (Karta/Agent in passive; instrumental)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्रोध + लोभ + अनुवर्तिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (क्रोध-लोभ-अनुवर्तिन् = followers of anger and greed); पुल्लिङ्ग (Masculine), तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/तृतीया), बहुवचन (Plural)

Speakers

• Naraka narration; social-dharma emphasis

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "dharma", "secondaryRasa": "raudra", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Yama (implied)

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Public welfare
• Temple protection
• Karma-phala
• Naraka

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Dharma includes protection of common goods and sacred infrastructure. Harming places that sustain society (water, shelter, assembly, worship) is portrayed as a grave societal sin rooted in krodha and lobha.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Dharma-ācāra and phala teaching (social ethics), not sarga/pratisarga/manvantara/vamśa focus.

What is the esoteric significance?

Temples and prapās symbolize inner supports—faith, nourishment, and community. To destroy them externally reflects inner vandalism of one’s own sattva.