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Shloka 10

Adhyaya 14The Messenger of Yama Explains Karmic Retribution and the Causes of Naraka Torments

किं कर्म कृतवन्तश्च कथयैतज्जुगुप्सितम् ।

हरन्त्येषां तथा जिह्वां जायमानां पुनर्नवाम् ॥

kiṃ karma kṛtavantaś ca kathaya etaj jugupsitam / haranty eṣāṃ tathā jihvāṃ jāyamānāṃ punar-navām //

“Katakan kepadaku: perbuatan apakah yang mereka lakukan sehingga hal yang menjijikkan ini terjadi? Demikian juga lidah mereka dikoyak—walaupun ia lahir semula berulang-ulang.”

kimwhat
kim:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन; प्रश्नार्थक
karmadeed
karma:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootkarman (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
kṛtavantaḥhaving done
kṛtavantaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootkṛ (धातु)
Formक्तवतुँ-प्रत्ययान्त (past active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, समुच्चयार्थक
kathayatell
kathaya:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootkath (धातु)
Formलोट् (Imperative), मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), एकवचन, परस्मैपद
etatthis
etat:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootetad (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
jugupsitamdisgusting / reprehensible
jugupsitam:
Karma-viśeṣaṇa (कर्मविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootgup (धातु)
Formकृदन्त (desiderative/causative sense in usage), भूतकर्मणि/भावे क्त (PPP-like), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; 'निन्द्यं/घृणितम्'
harantithey take away
haranti:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Roothṛ (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन, परस्मैपद
eṣāmof these
eṣām:
Apādāna/Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, षष्ठी, बहुवचन
tathāalso / thus
tathā:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottathā (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, क्रियाविशेषण (adverb: 'thus/also')
jihvāmtongue
jihvām:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootjihvā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
jāyamānāmbeing born / growing anew
jāyamānām:
Karma-viśeṣaṇa (कर्मविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootjan (धातु)
Formशतृ/शानच्-वर्तमानकृदन्त (present participle, आत्मनेपद-भाव), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; जिह्वाम् विशेषयति
punaragain
punar:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpunar (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, क्रियाविशेषण (adverb: 'again')
navāmnew
navām:
Karma-viśeṣaṇa (कर्मविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootnava (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; जिह्वाम् विशेषयति
King to Yama’s messenger (contextual inquiry)

{ "primaryRasa": "karuna", "secondaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Yama
Ethics of speechKarmaNaraka punishments

FAQs

The verse highlights that harmful actions invite correspondingly targeted consequences; the mention of the tongue naturally evokes the moral weight of speech—truth, restraint, and non-harm.

Ethical instruction embedded in narrative; ancillary to pañcalakṣaṇa, functioning as dharma-śikṣā (moral pedagogy).

Tongue symbolizes vāṅmaya-karma (verbal action): slander, falsehood, and cruel speech ‘cut’ one’s own spiritual organ of expression, repeatedly, until purified by consequence.