Shloka 17

Adhyaya 11 — The Son’s Discourse on Embryogenesis, Birth, and the Wheel of Saṃsāra

Sanskrit

निष्क्रम्यमाणो वातेन प्राजापत्येन पीड्यते ।

निष्क्राम्यते च विलपन् हृदि दुःखनिपीडितः ॥

Transliteration

niṣkramyamāṇo vātena prājāpatyena pīḍyate | niṣkrāmyate ca vilapan hṛdi duḥkhanipīḍitaḥ ||

Translation

Ketika keluar (saat kelahiran), ia diseksa oleh angin prājāpatya; dan ia muncul sambil menangis, hatinya terhimpit oleh kesakitan.

Word by Word

• niṣkramyamāṇaḥ: while coming out; emerging
• niṣkramyamāṇaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: nis√kram (धातु) + śatṛ/śānac (कृदन्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: वर्तमानकाले शानच्-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (present middle participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• vātena: by the wind
• vātena: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vāta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), एकवचन

• prājāpatyena: belonging to Prajāpati; procreative
• prājāpatyena: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: prājāpatya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), एकवचन; विशेषण (of vāta)

• pīḍyate: is afflicted/pressed
• pīḍyate: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √pīḍ (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; कर्मणि-प्रयोग (passive)

• niṣkrāmyate: comes out; emerges
• niṣkrāmyate: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: nis√kram (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha/Particle (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, समुच्चयार्थक-निपात (conjunction)

• vilapan: lamenting; crying
• vilapan: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi√lap (धातु) + śatṛ (कृदन्त)
• Form: वर्तमानकाले शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• hṛdi: in the heart
• hṛdi: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: hṛd (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन

• duḥkha-nipīḍitaḥ: oppressed by pain
• duḥkha-nipīḍitaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: duḥkha (प्रातिपदिक) + ni√pīḍ (धातु) + kta (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle) as adjective; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (duḥkhena nipīḍitaḥ)

Speakers

• Not specified in excerpt; didactic narrator within Markandeya Purana’s philosophical section.

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "karuna", "secondaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Prajāpati (implicit via 'prājāpatya')

Key Themes

• Suffering at birth
• Prāṇa and vāyu doctrine
• Embodiment
• Saṃsāra

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Life in saṃsāra begins with duḥkha; this undercuts pride in embodiment and supports detachment (vairāgya) and the pursuit of liberating knowledge rather than mere worldly aims.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Didactic material aligned with 'Sarga/Pratisarga' themes (conditions of embodied beings) rather than cosmography or dynastic history.

What is the esoteric significance?

The 'vāyu' imagery points to prāṇic compulsion: the individual self (jīva) is driven by subtle forces, suggesting that mastery of prāṇa (yogic discipline) is linked to mastery over suffering and rebirth.