Shloka 18

Adhyaya 10 — Jaimini’s Questions on Birth, Death, Karma, and the Embodied Journey

Sanskrit

अनुभूतानि सौख्यानि दुःखानि च सहस्रशः ।

बान्धवा बहवः प्राप्ताः पितरश्च पृथग्विधाः ॥

Transliteration

anubhūtāni saukhyāni duḥkhāni ca sahasraśaḥ | bāndhavā bahavaḥ prāptāḥ pitaraś ca pṛthag-vidhāḥ ||

Translation

Kegembiraan dan kesedihan telah dialami beribu-ribu kali. Banyak saudara mara telah diperolehi, dan bapa-bapa dari pelbagai jenis juga.

Word by Word

• अनुभूतानि: experienced
• अनुभूतानि: Karma-samānādhikaraṇa (कर्म-समानाधिकरण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अनु + भू (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past passive participle) ‘अनुभूत’; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, बहुवचन (neuter nom/acc pl)

• सौख्यानि: happinesses, pleasures
• सौख्यानि: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सौख्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, बहुवचन (neuter nom/acc pl)

• दुःखानि: sufferings
• दुःखानि: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुःख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, बहुवचन (neuter nom/acc pl)

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• सहस्रशः: by thousands, innumerably
• सहस्रशः: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सहस्रशस् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; आवृत्तिवाचक (distributive/frequency adverb: by thousands, countless times)

• बान्धवाः: kinsmen, relatives
• बान्धवाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बान्धव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन (nominative plural)

• बहवः: many
• बहवः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बहु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषण (agreeing with बान्धवाः)

• प्राप्ताः: were obtained/met
• प्राप्ताः: Karta-samānādhikaraṇa (कर्ता-समानाधिकरण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र + आप् (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past passive participle) ‘प्राप्त’; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• पितरः: fathers
• पितरः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन (nominative plural)

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• पृथग्विधाः: of different kinds, separate sorts
• पृथग्विधाः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पृथक् (अव्यय/उपसर्गसदृश) + विध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभाव-समास (पृथक् + विध = पृथग्विध ‘of separate kinds’); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषण (agreeing with पितरः)

Speakers

• Son (within the embedded story); reported by the birds

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dukkha-sukha alternation
• Rebirth
• Detachment
• Non-clinging

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Because pleasure and pain recur endlessly, and kinship constellations continually re-form, clinging is irrational. The verse encourages steadiness (samatva) and a liberation-oriented perspective.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Mokṣa/dharma instruction through narrative reflection; not pancalakṣaṇa enumeration.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘thousands’ motif functions as a contemplative practice: mentally exhausting worldly possibilities to trigger nirveda (dispassion), a classical gateway to jñāna.