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Shloka 54

Adhyaya 1Jaimini’s Questions on the Mahabharata and the Origin of the Wise Birds

इति वचनमसह्यं कोपसंरक्तदृष्टिश्चलकलबलयां तां मानिनीं श्रावयित्वा ।

तरलतरतरङ्गां गां परित्यज्य विप्रः प्रथितगुणगणौघां संप्रयाताः खगङ्गाम् ॥

iti vacanam asahyaṃ kopasaṃraktadṛṣṭiś calakalabalayāṃ tāṃ māninīṃ śrāvayitvā |

taralatarataraṅgāṃ gāṃ parityajya vipraḥ prathitaguṇagaṇaughāṃ saṃprayātāḥ khagaṅgām ||

Setelah mengucapkan kata-kata yang tidak tertanggung kepada wanita yang angkuh itu—tatapannya memerah kerana amarah, sedangkan dia terus membebel tanpa henti—brahmana itu meninggalkan negeri itu, yang beralun dengan ombak yang sentiasa gelisah, lalu berangkat menuju sungai Gaṅgā yang termasyhur, yang himpunan kebajikannya dipuji luas.

itithus
iti:
Vākyārtha-dyotaka (वाक्यार्थद्योतक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
FormQuotative particle (इति-प्रयोग)
vacanamspeech, words
vacanam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvacana (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular
a-sahyamunbearable
a-sahyam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsahya (प्रातिपदिक) + a- (नञ्)
FormNeuter, Accusative Singular; adjective qualifying vacanam; ‘unbearable’
kopa-saṃrakta-dṛṣṭiḥ(she) with an anger-reddened gaze
kopa-saṃrakta-dṛṣṭiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootkopa (प्रातिपदिक) + saṃrakta (कृदन्त, √rañj ‘to redden/attach’, with सम्) + dṛṣṭi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa chain; Feminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; ‘one whose look is reddened/tinged with anger’
calakalabalayāmtrembling and agitated
calakalabalayām:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootcala (प्रातिपदिक) + kalabala (प्रातिपदिक)
FormKarmadhāraya (descriptive): ‘trembling/noisy’; Feminine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; qualifies tāṃ māninīm
tāmthat (woman)
tām:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular
māninīmthe proud woman
māninīm:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootmāninī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular
śrāvayitvāhaving made (her) hear
śrāvayitvā:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√śru (धातु) + ṇic (णिच् causative) → śrāvaya + ktvā (क्त्वा)
FormCausative absolutive (णिजन्त-क्त्वान्त): ‘having caused (her) to hear’
tarala-tara-taraṅgāmwith very rippling waves
tarala-tara-taraṅgām:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Roottarala (प्रातिपदिक) + tara (प्रत्यय/तुलनात्मक) + taraṅgā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormKarmadhāraya: ‘with very tremulous waves’; Feminine, Accusative Singular; qualifies gāṃ
gāmthe earth
gām:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootgo (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular
parityajyahaving left
parityajya:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootpari + √tyaj (धातु)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (ल्यप्): ‘having abandoned’
vipraḥthe brāhmaṇa
vipraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootvipra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular
prathita-guṇa-gaṇa-oghamwith a renowned multitude of virtues
prathita-guṇa-gaṇa-ogham:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootprathita (कृदन्त, √prath ‘to be famed’) + guṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + gaṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + ogha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa chain; Feminine, Accusative Singular; qualifies khagaṅgām; ‘whose flood/mass of qualities is renowned’
saṃprayātāḥdeparted
saṃprayātāḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootsaṃ + pra + √yā (धातु) + kta (क्त)
FormPast participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative Plural; used as finite sense: ‘(they) departed/went forth’
khagaṅgāmto the celestial Gaṅgā
khagaṅgām:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootkha (प्रातिपदिक) + gaṅgā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormKarmadhāraya: ‘sky-Gaṅgā’ = celestial Gaṅgā; Feminine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular
Narratorial verse within the opening frame (contextual narration in Adhyāya 1)

{ "primaryRasa": "raudra", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Gaṅgā
Frame narrative setupAnger and its consequencesPilgrimage / turning toward sacred riversPurification and dharmic reorientation

FAQs

The verse highlights how anger (kopa) distorts perception and speech, leading to rupture and departure. Yet it also shows a typical purāṇic corrective impulse: after conflict, the brāhmaṇa turns toward Gaṅgā—symbol of purification and dharmic reset—suggesting that one should seek śānti and expiation rather than remain in reactive agitation.

Primarily it belongs to the purāṇic frame/upa-ākhyāna scaffolding rather than a direct pañcalakṣaṇa element. Indirectly, it supports the purāṇa’s didactic purpose (dharma-upadeśa) by setting conditions for subsequent instruction; it is not specifically sarga, pratisarga, vaṃśa, manvantara, or vaṃśānucarita in itself.

Gaṅgā functions as a liminal symbol: the movement from a ‘wave-tossed’ realm (taralatarataraṅgā) to the ‘kha-gaṅgā’ suggests ascent from mental turbulence to a higher purifying current. The ‘flood of virtues’ (guṇa-gaṇa-augha) attributed to Gaṅgā mirrors the sought-after inundation of sattva that washes away the residue of wrathful speech.