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Shloka 12

विराटसभायां पाण्डवानां प्रवेशः — Arjuna’s Encomium of Yudhiṣṭhira in Virāṭa’s Court

ततो गजे राजनि चैव भिन्ने भग्ने विकर्णे च सपादरक्षे । गाण्डीवमुक्तिविशिखेै: प्रणुन्ना- स्‍्ते योधमुख्या: सहसापजग्मु:,इस प्रकार गजराज और कुरुराज दोनोंके घायल होने तथा गजराजके पादरक्षकोंसहित विकर्णके भाग जानेपर गाण्डीव धनुषसे छूटे हुए सायकोंकी मार खाकर पीड़ित हुए समस्त मुख्य-मुख्य योद्धा सहसा मैदान छोड़कर भाग गये

tato gaje rājani caiva bhinne bhagne vikarṇe ca sapādarākṣe | gāṇḍīvamuktiviśikhaiḥ praṇunnās te yodhamukhyāḥ sahasā pajagmuḥ ||

Kemudian, apabila raja gajah dan raja Kuru kedua-duanya telah terluka, dan apabila Vikarṇa—bersama para pengawal kaki gajah—ditumpaskan lalu melarikan diri, para pahlawan terkemuka, diseksa oleh anak-anak panah yang dilepaskan dari Gāṇḍīva, tiba-tiba meninggalkan medan perang dan lari bertempiaran. Adegan ini menunjukkan bagaimana keangkuhan perang runtuh apabila berhadapan dengan kemahiran dan tekad yang lebih unggul, dan bagaimana ketakutan dapat meleraikan kesatuan bala tentera dengan sekelip mata.

ततःthen/thereafter
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
Formindeclinable (ablatival adverb: 'from that/thereafter')
गजेin/when the elephant (king) (was ...)
गजे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootगज
Formmasculine, locative singular
राजनिin/when the king
राजनि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
Formmasculine, locative singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formindeclinable
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
Formindeclinable
भिन्नेwounded/split
भिन्ने:
TypeAdjective
Rootभिन्न
Formmasculine, locative singular (agreeing with गजे/राजनि); past passive participle of √भिद्
भग्नेbroken/defeated
भग्ने:
TypeAdjective
Rootभग्न
Formmasculine, locative singular (agreeing with गजे/राजनि); past passive participle of √भञ्ज्
विकर्णेwhen Vikarna (was ...)
विकर्णे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootविकर्ण
Formmasculine, locative singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formindeclinable
सपादरक्षेtogether with (his) foot-guards
सपादरक्षे:
TypeAdjective
Rootस-पादरक्ष
Formmasculine, locative singular (agreeing with विकर्णे); 'with foot-guards/with attendants protecting the feet'
गाण्डीवमुक्तिविशिखैःby arrows released from the Gāṇḍīva (bow)
गाण्डीवमुक्तिविशिखैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootगाण्डीव-मुक्ति-विशिख
Formmasculine, instrumental plural
प्रणुन्नाःdriven/harassed/struck
प्रणुन्नाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रणुन्न
Formmasculine, nominative plural; past passive participle of प्र-√नुद्
तेthey/those
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine, nominative plural
योधमुख्याःchief warriors
योधमुख्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयोध-मुख्य
Formmasculine, nominative plural
सहसाsuddenly/at once
सहसा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसहसा
Formindeclinable (adverb)
अपजग्मुःwent away/fled
अपजग्मुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअप-√गम्
Formaorist (luṅ), 3rd person plural, parasmaipada

वैशम्पायन उवाच

G
Gāṇḍīva (Arjuna’s bow)
V
Vikarṇa
K
Kuru king (unnamed in this verse)
R
royal elephant (gaja)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the fragility of battlefield morale: when leadership and key supports (king, war-elephant, guards) are wounded or routed, even prominent warriors may abandon the field. Ethically, it contrasts steadfast kṣatriya resolve with the human tendency toward fear when faced with overwhelming force.

A decisive volley from the Gāṇḍīva wounds the royal elephant and the Kuru king; Vikarṇa, along with the elephant’s foot-guards, is routed. Under the pressure of Arjuna’s arrows, the leading warriors suddenly flee the battlefield.