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Shloka 1

उत्तरो बृहन्नडां सारथ्याय नियुङ्क्ते — Uttara Appoints Bṛhannadā as Charioteer

(दाक्षिणात्य अधिक पाठके ६६ श्लोक मिलाकर कुल २५३ “लोक हैं।) ््स् “+ (9) #::.# #55-7 पजञ्चत्रिशो<ड्ध्याय: कौरवोंद्वारा उत्तर दिशाकी ओरसे आकर विराटकी गौओंका अपहरण और गोपाध्यक्षका उत्तरकुमारको युद्धके लिये उत्साह दिलाना वैशमग्पायन उवाच याते त्रिगर्तान्‌ मत्स्ये तु पशूंस्तान्‌ वै परीप्सति | दुर्योधन: सहामात्यो विराटमुपयादथ,वैशम्पायनजी कहते हैं-जनमेजय! जिस समय अपने पशुओंको छुड़ा लानेकी इच्छासे राजा विराट त्रिगर्तोंसे युद्ध करनेके लिये गये, उसी समय दुर्योधनने अपने मन्त्रियोंके साथ विराटदेशपर चढ़ाई की

vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca |

yāte trigartān matsye tu paśūṃs tān vai parīpsati |

duryodhanaḥ sahāmātyo virāṭam upayād atha ||

Vaiśaṃpāyana berkata: Ketika raja Matsya (Virāṭa) telah keluar menentang kaum Trigarta, berniat mendapatkan kembali lembu-lembu itu, pada saat itulah Duryodhana—bersama para menterinya—maju menyerang wilayah Virāṭa.

वैशम्पायनःVaiśampāyana
वैशम्पायनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवैशम्पायन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
यातेwent (the two went)
याते:
TypeVerb
Rootया
FormPerfect, 3rd, Dual, Parasmaipada
त्रिगर्तान्the Trigartas
त्रिगर्तान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootत्रिगर्त
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
मत्स्येin (the land of) Matsya
मत्स्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमत्स्य
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
पशून्cattle/animals
पशून्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपशु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
तान्those
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
परीप्सतिdesires to obtain/seek
परीप्सति:
TypeVerb
Rootपरीप्स्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
दुर्योधनःDuryodhana
दुर्योधनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्योधन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सहtogether with
सह:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह
अमात्यःminister/counsellor
अमात्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअमात्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विराटम्Virāṭa (king/land)
विराटम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविराट
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
उपयात्approached/went up to
उपयात्:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-या
FormImperfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अथthen/thereupon
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ

वैशमग्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśaṃpāyana
J
Janamejaya
T
Trigartas
M
Matsya (kingdom)
V
Virāṭa
D
Duryodhana
M
Ministers (amātyas)
C
Cattle (paśu)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights an ethical fault-line in statecraft: exploiting another ruler’s vulnerability (his absence while defending his own property) to invade reflects adharma-driven opportunism. It invites reflection on whether power pursued through deceit and timing, rather than just cause, can be morally justified.

Virāṭa, the Matsya king, has gone to fight the Trigartas to recover stolen cattle. At that very moment, Duryodhana, accompanied by his ministers, advances against Virāṭa’s territory—coordinating pressure on two fronts while the king is away.