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Shloka 9

Āraṇyaka-parva Adhyāya 199: Dharmavyādha on Svakarma, Vidhi, and the Limits of Ahiṃsā

अथ प्रायात्‌ पुनरन्‍्य आगच्छदश्वार्थी ब्राह्मणस्तमब्रवीदतियातो दास्यामि त्वरितमेव मे दीयतामित्यब्रवीद्‌ ब्राह्मणस्तस्मै दत्त्वाश्चं रथधुरं गृह्नता व्याहतं ब्राह्मणानां साम्प्रतं नास्ति किंचिदिति,“तत्पश्चात्‌ जब वे आगे बढ़े, तब फिर एक अश्वका इच्छुक ब्राह्मण आ पहुँचा। उसके माँगनेपर राजाने कहा--'मैं शीघ्र ही अपने लक्ष्यतक पहुँचकर घोड़ा दे दूँगा।” ब्राह्मण बोला --'मुझे तुरंत दीजिये।” तब उन्होंने ब्राह्मणको अश्व देकर स्वयं रथका धुरा पकड़ लिया और कहा--'ब्राह्मणोंके लिये ऐसा करना सर्वथा उचित नहीं है”

atha prāyāt punar anya āgacchad aśvārthī brāhmaṇas tam abravīd—atiyāto dāsyāmi tvaritam eva me dīyatām ity abravīd brāhmaṇas tasmai dattvāśvaṃ rathadhuraṃ gṛhṇatā vyāhataṃ—brāhmaṇānāṃ sāmprataṃ nāsti kiñcid iti.

Vaiśampāyana berkata: Ketika dia meneruskan perjalanan, datang lagi seorang brahmin yang menginginkan seekor kuda dan menyapanya. Raja menjawab, “Biar aku pergi sedikit lagi, nanti akan aku berikan—segera.” Tetapi brahmin itu mendesak, “Berikan kepadaku sekarang juga.” Maka raja pun memberikan kuda itu dan dia sendiri memegang galah/tiang kereta. Namun dia berkata bahawa keadaan begini—brahmin terpaksa mendesak agar pemberian disegerakan, dan si pemberi sampai terpaksa memegang kuk—menandakan kekacauan yang berat, kerana pada masa ini tiada lagi yang wajar tersisa bagi para brahmin sebagaimana sepatutnya.

अथthen/thereupon
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
प्रायात्went forth/departed
प्रायात्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-या
FormLuṅ (Aorist), 3, singular, Parasmaipada
पुनःagain
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
अन्यःanother
अन्यः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
आगच्छत्came/approached
आगच्छत्:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-गम्
FormLaṅ (Imperfect), 3, singular, Parasmaipada
अश्वार्थीone desiring a horse
अश्वार्थी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअश्वार्थिन्
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
ब्राह्मणःa Brahmin
ब्राह्मणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
अब्रवीत्said/spoke
अब्रवीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormLuṅ (Aorist), 3, singular, Parasmaipada
अतियातःhaving gone beyond/after going further
अतियातः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअति-या (गत)
Formmasculine, nominative, singular, क्त (past passive participle)
दास्यामिI will give
दास्यामि:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormLuṭ (Periphrastic future), 1, singular, Parasmaipada
त्वरितम्quickly
त्वरितम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootत्वरित
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
मेof me/my
मे:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Formgenitive, singular
दीयताम्let it be given
दीयताम्:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormLoṭ (Imperative), Passive, 3, singular
इतिthus/quoting
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
अब्रवीत्said
अब्रवीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormLuṅ (Aorist), 3, singular, Parasmaipada
ब्राह्मणःthe Brahmin
ब्राह्मणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
तस्मैto him
तस्मै:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine, dative, singular
दत्त्वाhaving given
दत्त्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
Formक्त्वा (absolutive)
अश्वम्a horse
अश्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
रथधुरम्the chariot-pole/yoke-shaft
रथधुरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरथधुर
Formneuter, accusative, singular
गृह्णताby (him) taking/while taking
गृह्णता:
Karana
TypeVerb
Rootग्रह्
Formmasculine/neuter, instrumental, singular, शतृ (present active participle)
व्याहतम्improper/obstructed/violated
व्याहतम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootवि-आ-हन् (व्याहत)
Formneuter, nominative/accusative, singular, क्त (past passive participle)
ब्राह्मणानाम्of Brahmins
ब्राह्मणानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
Formmasculine, genitive, plural
साम्प्रतम्now/at present
साम्प्रतम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसाम्प्रत
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अस्तिis/exists
अस्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormLaṭ (Present), 3, singular, Parasmaipada
किञ्चित्anything
किञ्चित्:
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
Formneuter, nominative/accusative, singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
A
a Brahmin (aśvārthī)
H
horse (aśva)
C
chariot-pole/yoke-shaft (rathadhura)

Educational Q&A

The passage highlights dāna-dharma and the fragility of social-ethical order: a king should give generously, yet it is a sign of adharma and societal distress when Brahmins must urgently demand basic support and the giver is forced into hardship—indicating that proper provision for the learned and dependent has collapsed.

While traveling, the king is approached by another Brahmin who wants a horse. The king asks for a little time, but the Brahmin insists on immediate delivery. The king gives the horse at once and then personally takes up the chariot’s pole, commenting that such circumstances—where Brahmins have nothing and must press for gifts—are not as they should be.