Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 18

Āraṇyaka-parva Adhyāya 199: Dharmavyādha on Svakarma, Vidhi, and the Limits of Ahiṃsā

अथैनं ब्राह्मणो5ब्रवीद्‌ य एष ते पुत्रो बृहद्गर्भो नाम एष प्रमातव्य इति तमेनं संस्कुरु अन्न चोपपादय ततोऊहं प्रतीक्ष्य इति । ततः पुत्र प्रमाथ्य संस्कृत्य विधिना साथयित्वा पात्र्यामर्पयित्वा शिरसा प्रतिगृहा ब्राह्मणममृगयत्‌,“तब इनसे ब्राह्मणने कहा--“यह जो तुम्हारा पुत्र बृहदगर्भ है, इसे मार डालो।” फिर उसका दाह-संस्कार करो। तत्पश्चात्‌ अन्न तैयार करो और मेरी प्रतीक्षा करो।” तब राजाने पुत्रको मारकर उसका दाह-संस्कार कर दिया और फिर विधिपूर्वक अन्न तैयार करके उसे बटलोईमें डालकर (और ढक्‍कनसे ढककर) अपने सिरपर रख लिया, फिर वे उस ब्राह्यगकी खोज करने लगे

athainaṃ brāhmaṇo ’bravīd ya eṣa te putro bṛhadgarbho nāma eṣa pramātavya iti tam enaṃ saṃskuru annaṃ copapādaya tato ’haṃ pratīkṣya iti | tataḥ putraṃ pramāthya saṃskṛtya vidhinā sādhayitvā pātryām arpayitvā śirasā pratigṛhya brāhmaṇam amṛgayat |

Vaiśaṃpāyana berkata: Kemudian brāhmaṇa itu berkata kepadanya, “Anakmu yang bernama Bṛhadgarbha ini—dia mesti dibunuh. Laksanakan upacara kematian baginya menurut aturan, dan sediakan juga makanan; kemudian aku akan menunggu.” Maka raja membunuh puteranya, melakukan upacara yang ditetapkan menurut tata, menyediakan hidangan, meletakkannya dalam bekas bertutup, mengangkatnya di atas kepala sebagai tanda hormat, lalu pergi mencari brāhmaṇa itu.

अथthen/now
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
एनम्him
एनम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
ब्राह्मणःthe brahmin
ब्राह्मणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अब्रवीत्said
अब्रवीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
यःwho/which
यः:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एषःthis
एषः:
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तेof you/your
ते:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular, —
पुत्रःson
पुत्रः:
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
बृहद्गर्भःBṛhadgarbha (proper name)
बृहद्गर्भः:
TypeNoun
Rootबृहद्गर्भ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नामby name
नाम:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनाम
एषःthis (one)
एषः:
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रमातव्यःto be killed/slain
प्रमातव्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्र-मा (√मा)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, gerundive (tavya)
इतिthus (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
तम्him/that one
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
एनम्this one (him)
एनम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
संस्कुरुperform the rites/prepare (do the funeral rite)
संस्कुरु:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-√कृ
FormImperative, 2, Singular, Parasmaipada
अन्नम्food
अन्नम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअन्न
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
उपपादयprepare/provide
उपपादय:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-√पद्/उप-√पाद (causative sense)
FormImperative, 2, Singular, Parasmaipada
ततःthen/thereafter
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormNominative, Singular, —
प्रतीक्ष्यhaving waited
प्रतीक्ष्य:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रति-√ईक्ष्
Formabsolutive (ktvā/lyap)
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
ततःthen
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
पुत्रम्the son
पुत्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रमाथ्यhaving killed/slain
प्रमाथ्य:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्र-√मथ्
Formabsolutive (ktvā/lyap)
संस्कृत्यhaving performed the rites/cremated
संस्कृत्य:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम्-√कृ
Formabsolutive (ktvā/lyap)
विधिनाaccording to rule/with proper rite
विधिना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootविधि
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
साधयित्वाhaving prepared/accomplished
साधयित्वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Root√साध्
Formabsolutive (tumun + ktvā-like usage)
पात्र्याम्in a vessel/pot
पात्र्याम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपात्री
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
अर्पयित्वाhaving put/placed (offered)
अर्पयित्वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Root√अर्प्
Formabsolutive (ktvā)
शिरसाwith (his) head
शिरसा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशिरस्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
प्रतिगृह्यhaving taken up/received
प्रतिगृह्य:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रति-√ग्रह्
Formabsolutive (ktvā/lyap)
ब्राह्मणम्the brahmin
ब्राह्मणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अमृगयत्searched for/sought
अमृगयत्:
TypeVerb
Rootमृगय् (denom.)
FormImperfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśaṃpāyana
B
brāhmaṇa
B
Bṛhadgarbha (the son)
A
anna (food/meal)
P
pātrī (vessel)

Educational Q&A

The verse foregrounds a severe dharma-crisis: obedience to a brāhmaṇa’s command and adherence to ritual procedure are set against the most extreme personal loss. It frames a narrative test in which ‘dharma’ is not emotionally easy, and the story probes the limits and dangers of authority, duty, and moral discernment.

A brāhmaṇa instructs the king to kill his son Bṛhadgarbha, perform the funerary rites, and prepare food while he waits. The king complies: he kills the son, completes the rites according to prescription, prepares the meal in a vessel, carries it on his head, and then searches for the brāhmaṇa.