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Shloka 48

इन्द्रद्युम्नोपाख्यानम्

Indradyumna Upākhyāna: On Kīrti, Smṛti, and Restoration

परमायुश्च भविता तदा वर्षाणि षोडश । ततः प्राणान्‌ विमोक्ष्यन्ति युगान्ते समुपस्थिते,उस समय युगान्तकाल उपस्थित होनेपर लोगोंकी आयु अधिक-से-अधिक सोलह वर्षकी होगी, उसके बाद वे प्राणत्याग कर देंगे। पाँचवें या छठे वर्षमें स्त्रियाँ बच्चे पैदा करने लगेंगी और सात-आठ वर्षके पुरुष संतानोत्पादनमें प्रवृत्त हो जायँगे

paramāyuś ca bhavitā tadā varṣāṇi ṣoḍaśa | tataḥ prāṇān vimokṣyanti yugānte samupasthite ||

Mārkaṇḍeya berkata: “Ketika itu, had usia manusia hanyalah enam belas tahun. Apabila penghujung zaman tiba, manusia akan melepaskan nafas hayat lalu mati. Pada masa itu, anak perempuan akan mula melahirkan pada usia lima atau enam tahun, dan anak lelaki akan mula membuahkan zuriat pada usia tujuh atau lapan tahun.”

परमायुḥthe maximum lifespan
परमायुḥ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपरमायु
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भविताwill be
भविता:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormPeriphrastic Future, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
वर्षाणिyears
वर्षाणि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ष
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
षोडशsixteen
षोडश:
TypeAdjective
Rootषोडश
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
ततःthereafter
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
प्राणान्life-breaths; lives
प्राणान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्राण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
विमोक्ष्यन्तिwill release; will give up
विमोक्ष्यन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootवि+मुच्
FormSimple Future, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
युगान्तेat the end of the yuga
युगान्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयुगान्त
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
समुपस्थितेwhen (it is) present/arrived
समुपस्थिते:
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्+उप+स्था
Formक्त, Masculine, Locative, Singular

मार्कण्डेय उवाच

M
Mārkaṇḍeya
Y
yugānta (end of the age)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores the power of Kāla (time) and the degeneration at the end of an age: human life becomes drastically shortened and social/biological maturity is unnaturally accelerated, highlighting impermanence and the ethical warning of decline in yuga-ending conditions.

Mārkaṇḍeya is describing the conditions at yugānta (the end of the age), prophesying that people will live at most sixteen years and die when the age-ending crisis arrives; the accompanying note explains premature childbearing as a sign of that extreme degeneration.