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Shloka 21

Udyoga-parva Adhyāya 47 — Arjuna’s Deterrent Declaration

Sañjaya’s Report

शैक्येन नागांस्तरसा विगृह्नन्‌ यदा छेत्ता धार्तराष्ट्रस्य सैन्यम्‌ छिन्दन्‌ वन॑ परशुनेव शूर- स्तदा युद्ध धार्तराष्ट्रोडन्वतप्स्यत्‌

sañjaya uvāca | śaikyena nāgāṁs tarasā vigṛhṇan yadā chettā dhārtarāṣṭrasya sainyaṁ chindan vanaṁ paraśuneva śūraḥ | tadā yuddhe dhārtarāṣṭro ’nvatapsyat ||

Sañjaya berkata: “Apabila wira ‘penebas’ itu (Bhīma), menyambar para pejuang gagah bagaikan menangkap ular-ular besar dengan jerut dan menyeret mereka dengan kekuatan yang tiada tertahan, lalu mula membelah-belahkan bala tentera Dhṛtarāṣṭra—memecahkannya seperti penebang menumbangkan rimba dengan kapak—maka di tengah pertempuran, putera Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Duryodhana) akan terbakar oleh sesal batin, menyedari bahawa dengan mencetuskan perang dia telah melakukan kesilapan yang amat berat.”

शैक्येनwith a noose/loop (snare)
शैक्येन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशैक्य (शक्य)
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
नागान्serpents/elephants (here: serpents as simile)
नागान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनाग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
तरसाwith force, violently
तरसा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootतरस्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
विगृह्नन्seizing/dragging (while doing so)
विगृह्नन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवि-ग्रह्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, शतृ (present active participle)
यदाwhen
यदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
छेत्ताthe cutter, the slayer
छेत्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootछेतृ (from √छिद्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धार्तराष्ट्रस्यof Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s (son), i.e., Duryodhana’s
धार्तराष्ट्रस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootधार्तराष्ट्र
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
सैन्यम्army
सैन्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसैन्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
छिन्दन्cutting, hewing
छिन्दन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Root√छिद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, शतृ (present active participle)
वनम्a forest
वनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
परशुनाwith an axe
परशुना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपरशु
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
इवlike, as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
शूरःthe hero/warrior
शूरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशूर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तदाthen
तदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
युद्धेin battle
युद्धे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
धार्तराष्ट्रःDhṛtarāṣṭra’s son (Duryodhana)
धार्तराष्ट्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधार्तराष्ट्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अन्वतप्स्यत्would regret, would be pained afterward
अन्वतप्स्यत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-√तप्
FormConditional (लृङ्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
D
Duryodhana (implied as dhārtarāṣṭraḥ)
B
Bhīmasena (implied by the description of the heroic destroyer)
K
Kaurava army (dhārtarāṣṭrasya sainyam)
N
noose/snare (śaikya)
A
axe (paraśu)
F
forest (vana)
S
serpents (nāga, metaphor)

Educational Q&A

Aggression rooted in pride and refusal of rightful settlement leads to catastrophic loss and inevitable remorse; the verse frames war as a moral and strategic blunder whose consequences cannot be undone once unleashed.

Sañjaya foretells the battlefield outcome: Bhīma will tear through the Kaurava forces with overwhelming power, and Duryodhana—seeing his army shattered—will inwardly repent for having initiated the war.