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Shloka 74

Adhyaya 32: Saṃjaya’s Return, Audience with Dhṛtarāṣṭra, and Ethical Admonition

पञ्चाग्नयो मनुष्येण परिचर्या: प्रयत्नत: । पिता माताग्निरात्मा च गुरुश्न भरतर्षभ,भरतश्रेष्ठ) पिता, माता, अग्नि, आत्मा और गुरु-मनुष्यको इन पाँच अग्नियोंकी बड़े यत्नसे सेवा करनी चाहिये

pañcāgnayo manuṣyeṇa paricaryāḥ prayatnataḥ | pitā mātāgnir ātmā ca guruś ca bharatarṣabha ||

Vidura mengajar bahawa seseorang mesti dengan tekun berkhidmat kepada lima “api suci”: ayah, ibu, api rumah tangga, diri sendiri, dan guru. Dengan memuliakan mereka sebagai altar hidup bagi kewajipan, seseorang menegakkan dharma dalam kehidupan berkeluarga dan dalam tata laku peribadi.

पञ्चfive
पञ्च:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपञ्च
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अग्नयःfires (as sacred fires)
अग्नयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
मनुष्येणby a man / by a human
मनुष्येण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमनुष्य
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
परिचर्याःto be served / should be attended upon
परिचर्याः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootपरि + चर्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्रयत्नतःwith effort, diligently
प्रयत्नतः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रयत्न
पिताfather
पिता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
माताmother
माता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमातृ
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
अग्निःfire
अग्निः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
आत्माself
आत्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
गुरुःteacher, preceptor
गुरुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगुरु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भरतर्षभO bull among the Bharatas
भरतर्षभ:
TypeNoun
Rootभरत + ऋषभ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
B
Bharatarṣabha (address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra / Bharata-line elder)
F
Father
M
Mother
A
Agni (domestic fire)
Ā
Ātman (self)
G
Guru (teacher)

Educational Q&A

That essential duties are to be treated as sacred: serving father, mother, the domestic fire (ritual and household responsibility), one’s own self (health and moral integrity), and one’s teacher. These sustain dharma in personal and social life.

In Vidura’s counsel (nīti) during the Udyoga Parva, he instructs the Bharata elder on righteous conduct, emphasizing foundational obligations that uphold order and virtue amid the looming conflict.