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Shloka 163

Saṃsāra-Gahana Allegory: The Brāhmaṇa in the Forest and Well (संसारगहन-आख्यान)

आसते मधु संवृत्य पूर्वमेव निकेतजा: । वह लताओं तथा वृक्षोंसे घिरे हुए उस कूपमें क्रमश: बढ़ा आ रहा था। वह ब्राह्मण, जिस वृक्षकी शाखापर लटका था, उसकी छोटी-छोटी टहनियोंपर पहलेसे ही मधुके छत्तोंसे पैदा हुई अनेक रूपवाली, घोर एवं भयंकर मधुमक्खियाँ मधुको घेरकर बैठी हुई थीं

āsate madhu saṁvṛtya pūrvam eva niketajāḥ | sa latābhiḥ tathā vṛkṣaiś ca parivṛte tasmin kūpe kramaśo vardhamānaḥ āsa | sa brāhmaṇaḥ yasya vṛkṣaśākhāyāṁ lambamānaḥ āsa, tasya sūkṣmaśākhāsu pūrvam eva madhucchadma-sambhūtā nānā-rūpā ghorā bhayaṅkarāś ca madhumakṣikāḥ madhu parivṛtya niṣaṇṇāḥ āsan ||

Vidura menggambarkan satu adegan ngeri dalam perumpamaan moral: pada dahan-dahan, sarang lebah sudah pun menutupi sejak awal, dan lebah-lebah yang garang serta menggerunkan, beraneka rupa, duduk mengepung dan menjaga madu. Di bawahnya terbentang sebuah perigi yang dikelilingi sulur dan pepohon, seakan menanti mangsa; sementara lelaki yang tergantung pada dahan itu mendapati nasibnya semakin buruk setapak demi setapak. Gambaran ini mengingatkan bahawa kemanisan dunia (nikmat, keuntungan) sering dikawal oleh bahaya, dan keterikatan boleh membuat seseorang tergantung antara ketakutan di atas dan kebinasaan di bawah.

आसतेthey sit / are seated
आसते:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootआस् (धातु)
FormLat (Present), 3rd, Plural, Ātmanepada
मधुhoney
मधु:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमधु
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
संवृत्यhaving covered / surrounding
संवृत्य:
Karana
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + वृ (धातु)
Formक्त्वा (Absolutive/Gerund)
पूर्वम्before / earlier
पूर्वम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपूर्व
एवindeed / just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
निकेतजाःthose born in the dwelling (i.e., resident creatures)
निकेतजाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनिकेतज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
B
brāhmaṇa (the man in the parable)
V
vṛkṣa (tree)
Ś
śākhā (branch)
L
latā (creepers)
K
kūpa (well)
M
madhu (honey)
M
madhumakṣikāḥ (bees)
M
madhucchadma/madhucchattra (honeycombs)

Educational Q&A

The verse uses the guarded honey and the enclosing well to show that attractive pleasures are rarely free of danger; attachment to sweetness can keep a person trapped while peril steadily increases. The ethical thrust is toward vigilance, restraint, and detachment.

Vidura continues a parabolic description: a man (called a Brahmin) hangs from a tree-branch above a well surrounded by vines and trees. On the twigs are honeycombs, but fierce bees already surround and guard the honey, making the sought sweetness perilous as his predicament worsens gradually.