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Shloka 12

Kośārtha-Rājadharma: Ethical Revenue Collection and Social Regulation (कोशार्थ-राजधर्मः)

न चास्थाने न चाकाले करांस्तेभ्यो निपातयेत्‌ । आनुपूर्व्येण सान्त्वेन यथाकालं यथाविधि

na cāsthāne na cākāle karāṁs tebhyo nipātayet | ānupūrvyena sāntvena yathākālaṁ yathāvidhi ||

Bhīṣma berkata: Seorang raja tidak wajar mengenakan cukai ke atas rakyatnya pada tempat yang tidak patut atau pada waktu yang tidak sesuai. Sebaliknya, baginda hendaklah memungut hasil secara beransur-ansur, dengan pujukan yang menenangkan, dan sentiasa menurut musim yang tepat serta kaedah yang ditetapkan—agar pemerintahan selaras dengan dharma dan tidak berubah menjadi penindasan.

nanot
na:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna
caand
ca:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca
asthānein an improper place/occasion
asthāne:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Roota-sthāna
Formneuter, locative, singular
nanot
na:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna
caand
ca:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca
akāleat an improper time
akāle:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Roota-kāla
Formmasculine, locative, singular
karāntaxes
karān:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootkara
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
tebhyaḥfrom them (the people)
tebhyaḥ:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Roottad
Formmasculine/neuter, ablative, plural
nipātayetshould impose/levy (cause to fall)
nipātayet:
TypeVerb
Rootni-√pat
Formoptative (vidhi-liṅ), 3rd, singular, parasmaipada
ānupūrvyenagradually; in due sequence
ānupūrvyena:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootānupūrvya
Formneuter, instrumental, singular
sāntvenaby conciliation/gentle persuasion
sāntvena:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootsāntva
Formneuter, instrumental, singular
yathā-kālamaccording to the proper time
yathā-kālam:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyathā + kāla
yathā-vidhiaccording to rule/procedure
yathā-vidhi:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyathā + vidhi

भीष्य उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
king (rājā)
S
subjects (prajā)
T
taxes (kara)

Educational Q&A

Taxation must be dharmic: a ruler should not burden people at unsuitable times or circumstances, and should collect revenue gradually, gently, and according to established norms—prioritizing the subjects’ welfare and social stability.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rajadharma, Bhishma advises the king on proper statecraft, specifically warning against harsh or untimely taxation and recommending orderly, conciliatory, rule-based revenue collection.