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Shloka 16

Vyavahāra-Śuddhi and Rājadharma: Clean Administration, Counsel, and Proportional Punishment

Chapter 86

अथ यो<थधर्मत: पाति राजामात्योडथ वा55त्मज: । धर्मासने संनियुक्तो धर्ममूले नरर्षभ,नरश्रेष्ठ! धर्म ही जिसकी जड़ है, उस धर्मासन अथवा न्यायासनपर बैठकर जो राजा, मन्त्री अथवा राजकुमार धर्म-पूर्वक प्रजाकी रक्षा नहीं करता तथा राजाका अनुसरण करनेवाले राज्यके दूसरे अधिकारी भी यदि अपनेको सामने रखकर प्रजाके साथ उचित बर्ताव नहीं करते हैं तो वे राजाके साथ ही स्वयं भी नरकमें गिर जाते हैं

atha yo ’tha dharmataḥ pāti rājāmātyo ’tha vā ’tmajaḥ | dharmāsane saṁniyukto dharmamūle nararṣabha narāśreṣṭha |

Bhishma berkata: “Wahai insan perkasa, wahai yang terbaik di antara manusia—sama ada raja, menterinya, atau puteranya: jika, walaupun dilantik duduk di atas singgahsana Dharma (mahkamah keadilan) yang berasaskan kebenaran, dia tidak melindungi rakyat menurut dharma, maka dia telah gagal menjalankan amanah. Dan jika para pegawai lain yang mengikuti raja juga tidak menundukkan diri kepada aturan keadilan serta tidak berlaku wajar terhadap rakyat, mereka pun jatuh—bersama raja—ke neraka.”

अथnow/then
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
यःwho (he who)
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अधर्मतःunrighteously / contrary to dharma
अधर्मतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअधर्म
Formablative used adverbially (-तः)
पातिprotects / rules
पाति:
TypeVerb
Rootपा (पालने)
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
राजाking
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अमात्यःminister
अमात्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअमात्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अथor/and then
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
आत्मजःson (prince)
आत्मजः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मासनेon the seat of dharma (judgment-seat)
धर्मासने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मासन
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
संनियुक्तःappointed / assigned
संनियुक्तः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसंनि-युज्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्ममूलेin/at the root of dharma; having dharma as the basis
धर्ममूले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्ममूल
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
नरर्षभO bull among men
नरर्षभ:
TypeNoun
Rootनरर्षभ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
नरश्रेष्ठO best of men
नरश्रेष्ठ:
TypeNoun
Rootनरश्रेष्ठ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
king (rājā)
M
minister (amātya)
P
prince/king’s son (ātmaja)
D
Dharmāsana (seat/court of justice)

Educational Q&A

Those entrusted with judicial and royal authority—king, ministers, and princes—must protect the people according to Dharma; failure in righteous protection and fair conduct brings grave moral consequence, shared by the ruler and his officials.

In the Shanti Parva instruction on statecraft and righteousness, Bhishma addresses Yudhishthira with honorifics and warns that rulers and their subordinate officers, when seated in judgment and charged with governance, must act justly toward the subjects or incur collective downfall.