Shloka 66
Daṇḍanīti and the King as the Cause of Yuga-Order (दण्डनीतिः राजधर्मश्च युगकारणत्वम्)
षाड्गुण्यं च त्रिवर्ग च त्रिवर्गपरमं तथा । यो वेत्ति पुरुषव्याप्र स भुड्क्ते पृथिवीमिमाम्,पुरुषसिंह! जो राजा छः: गुण, तीन वर्ग और तीन परम वर्ग--इन सबको अच्छी तरह जानता है, वही इस पृथ्वीका उपभोग कर सकता है
ṣāḍguṇyaṃ ca trivargaṃ ca trivargaparamaṃ tathā | yo vetti puruṣavyāghra sa bhuṅkte pṛthivīm imām ||
Bhīṣma berkata: “Wahai harimau di antara manusia, raja yang benar-benar memahami dasar enam kebijakan (ṣāḍguṇya), tiga tujuan hidup (trivarga), dan juga yang tertinggi melampaui tiga tujuan itu—dialah sahaja yang layak menikmati serta memerintah bumi ini.”
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
A ruler’s legitimacy and success rest on integrated wisdom: mastery of practical statecraft (the six measures), balanced pursuit of dharma–artha–kāma, and orientation to the highest good beyond them (trivargaparamam). Such knowledge makes one truly fit to wield sovereignty.
In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhīṣma is advising the king (addressed as ‘puruṣavyāghra’) that only a ruler who understands both political strategy and the hierarchy of human aims is capable of properly enjoying and governing the earth.