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Shloka 10

राजवृत्त-रक्षा-प्रणिधि-षाड्गुण्योपदेशः

Royal Conduct, Protection, Intelligence, and Policy Measures

यथा हानुदये राजन्‌ भूतानि शशिसूर्ययो: । अन्धे तमसि मज्जेयुरपश्यन्त: परस्परम्‌

yathā hānudaye rājan bhūtāni śaśisūryayoḥ | andhe tamasi majjeyur apaśyantaḥ parasparam ||

Vasumanā berkata: “Wahai Raja, sebagaimana apabila bulan dan matahari tidak terbit, segala makhluk akan tenggelam dalam kegelapan yang membutakan dan tidak dapat melihat satu sama lain; demikian juga, tanpa seorang pemerintah, rakyat jatuh ke dalam kekacauan. Tanpa bimbingan dan kekangan, mereka saling bertembung dan saling mencederakan, lalu dalam waktu singkat terdorong menuju kebinasaan. Maka, institusi raja dikemukakan sebagai sandaran yang perlu bagi tertib masyarakat: ia menghalang yang kuat daripada memangsa yang lemah dan menahan komuniti daripada luluh ke dalam derita dan huru-hara.”

यथाjust as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
अनुदयेin the non-rising/absence of rising
अनुदये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअनुदय
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
भूतानिcreatures, beings
भूतानि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभूत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
शशि-सूर्ययोःof the moon and the sun
शशि-सूर्ययोः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशशि + सूर्य
FormMasculine, Genitive, Dual
अन्धेin blind/dense
अन्धे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्ध
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
तमसिin darkness
तमसि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootतमस्
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
मज्जेयुःwould sink, would be immersed
मज्जेयुः:
TypeVerb
Rootमज्ज्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
अपश्यन्तःnot seeing
अपश्यन्तः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
परस्परम्each other
परस्परम्:
Karma
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपरस्पर

वसुमना उवाच

V
Vasumanā
K
King (rājan)
M
Moon (śaśi)
S
Sun (sūrya)
D
Darkness (tamas)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that governance is a moral necessity for society: without the regulating presence of a king, people lose clarity and restraint, leading to mutual harm and rapid social collapse—like creatures lost in darkness without the sun and moon.

Vasumanā addresses a king and uses a cosmic simile—no sunrise or moonrise causing total darkness—to illustrate the condition of a realm without a ruler, preparing the ground for a broader discussion of rājadharma (the duties and necessity of kingship).