Shloka 3
Āśrama-dharma: Duties of the Four Life-Stages (आश्रमधर्मः)
केन वै वर्धते राष्ट्र राजा केन विवर्धते । केन पौराश्च भृत्याश्न वर्धन्ते भरतर्षभ,'राष्ट्रकी वृद्धि कैसे होती है, राजाका अभ्युदय किस उपायसे होता है? भरतश्रेष्ठ! पुरवासियों और भरण-पोषण करने योग्य सेवकोंकी उन्नति भी किस उपायसे होती है?
Vaiśampāyana uvāca: kena vai vardhate rāṣṭraṁ rājā kena vivardhate | kena paurāś ca bhṛtyāś ca vardhante bharatarṣabha ||
Vaiśampāyana berkata: “Dengan apakah sesebuah kerajaan benar-benar makmur? Dengan apakah seorang raja meningkat kepada kemegahan yang lebih besar? Dan dengan apakah penduduk kota serta para tanggungan yang wajib dipelihara turut berkembang sejahtera, wahai banteng di antara kaum Bharata?”
वैशम्पायन उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse frames a central Rajadharma inquiry: the prosperity of the realm, the ruler, and the people is not accidental but depends on specific causes—right governance, just policy, and proper maintenance of dependents—inviting a dharmic analysis of what makes a state flourish.
In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on kingship and peace, Vaiśampāyana poses (or reports) a set of guiding questions to a Bharata leader about the means by which the kingdom, the king, and the citizens/retainers increase in well-being, setting up the ensuing counsel on statecraft and duty.