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Shloka 18

राजधर्मस्य नवनीतम्—रक्षा, दण्ड, चार, उत्थान

Rājadharma’s ‘Essence’: Protection, Punishment, Intelligence, and Royal Diligence

एकाड्लरेनापि सम्भूत: शत्रुर्दुर्गमुपाश्रित: । सर्व तापयते देशमपि राज्ञ: समृद्धिन:,“चतुरड्धिणी सेनाके एक अड़से भी सम्पन्न हुआ शत्रु दुर्गका आश्रय लेकर समृद्धिशाली राजाके समूचे देशको भी संतप्त कर डालता है”

ekāḍhvareṇāpi sambhūtaḥ śatrur durgam upāśritaḥ | sarvaṃ tāpayate deśam api rājñaḥ samṛddhinaḥ ||

Bhīṣma berkata: Walau hanya pasukan musuh yang kecil, apabila ia bangkit dan berlindung di kubu yang sukar ditembusi, ia mampu menghanguskan seluruh negeri—bahkan negeri raja yang makmur. Amaran moralnya: kelalaian dalam keselamatan dan pemerintahan membiarkan ancaman kecil menjadi penderitaan besar bagi rakyat dan negara.

एकby one (single)
एक:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
अङ्गुलेनby a finger-breadth (a very small measure)
अङ्गुलेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअङ्गुलि
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
अपिeven/also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
सम्भूतःarisen/come into being
सम्भूतः:
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + भू
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
शत्रुःenemy
शत्रुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दुर्गम्fort/stronghold
दुर्गम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्ग
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
उपाश्रितःhaving taken refuge in/resorted to
उपाश्रितः:
TypeVerb
Rootउप + आ + श्रि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
सर्वम्entire/whole
सर्वम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तापयतेhe torments/afflicts
तापयते:
TypeVerb
Rootतप् (causative: तापय-)
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
देशम्country/realm
देशम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदेश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अपिeven
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
राज्ञःof the king
राज्ञः:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
समृद्धिनःof prosperity/abundance
समृद्धिनः:
TypeNoun
Rootसमृद्धि
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
Ś
śatru (enemy)
D
durga (fortress)
R
rājā (king)
D
deśa (realm)

Educational Q&A

A ruler must not underestimate small threats: when an enemy gains a secure base (a fortress), even a minor force can inflict widespread harm. Vigilance, timely action, and protection of the realm are essential duties of kingship.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhīṣma warns about political-military realities: an enemy entrenched in a stronghold can harass and distress the entire country, even under a wealthy and powerful king.