Shloka 17
जनक–पराशर संवादः — वर्ण-गोत्र-धर्मविचारः
Janaka–Parāśara: Varṇa, Gotra, and Dharma Inquiry
चक्षुरालोचनायैव संशयं कुरुते मन: । बुद्धिरध्यवसानाय साक्षी क्षेत्रज्ञ उच्यते । तमः सत्त्वं रजश्नलेति काल: कर्म च भारत
cakṣur ālocanāyaiva saṁśayaṁ kurute manaḥ | buddhir adhyavasānāya sākṣī kṣetrajña ucyate | tamaḥ sattvaṁ rajaś ceti kālaḥ karma ca bhārata
Bhishma berkata: “Mata hanyalah untuk melihat; minda (manas) yang menimbulkan keraguan. Intelek (buddhi) adalah untuk ketetapan yang muktamad, dan Diri yang menyaksikan disebut ‘Yang Mengetahui Medan’ (kṣetrajña). Kegelapan (tamas), kejernihan (sattva), dan keghairahan (rajas)—itulah tiga guna; dan wahai Bharata, waktu serta karma juga memerintah makhluk yang berjasad.”
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
Bhishma distinguishes inner faculties: the senses merely perceive, the mind doubts, the intellect decides, and the kṣetrajña (witnessing Self) observes. He then frames experience through the guṇas (tamas, sattva, rajas) and reminds that time and action shape embodied life.
In the Śānti Parva’s instruction to Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhishma continues his discourse on inner discipline and right understanding, explaining how perception, doubt, decision, and witnessing consciousness function, and how guṇas, time, and karma condition human conduct and moral responsibility.