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Shloka 40

Adhyāya 283: Varṇa-vṛtti, Nyāya-ārjana, and the Decline-and-Restoration of Dharma (वर्णवृत्तिः न्यायार्जनं च)

ऋषयो न प्रकाशन्ते न देवा न च मानुषा: । एवं तु तिमिरीभूते निर्दहन्त्यपमानिता:,उस समय आग नहीं जलती थी, सूर्यका प्रकाश फीका पड़ गया; ग्रह, नक्षत्र और चन्द्रमा भी निस्तेज हो गये। इस प्रकार वहाँ चारों ओर अँधेरा छा गया। देवता, ऋषि और मनुष्य--सभी छिप गये--कोई दिखायी नहीं देते थे। दक्षसे अपमानित हुए रुद्रगण यज्ञशालामें सब ओर आग लगाने लगे

ṛṣayo na prakāśante na devā na ca mānuṣāḥ | evaṃ tu timirībhūte nirdahanty apamānitāḥ ||

Dakṣa berkata: “Para resi tidak kelihatan, para dewa pun tidak, begitu juga manusia. Apabila segala-galanya diselubungi kegelapan demikian, mereka yang telah dihina mula membakar tempat itu sebagai pembalasan.”

ऋषयःsages
ऋषयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootऋषि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
प्रकाशन्तेappear / are seen / shine forth
प्रकाशन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रकाश्
FormPresent, Indicative, Atmanepada, Third, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
देवाःgods
देवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मानुषाःhumans
मानुषाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमानुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
एवम्thus
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
तुbut / indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
तिमिरीभूतेwhen it had become dark / in darkness
तिमिरीभूते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootतिमिरीभूत
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
निर्दहन्तिthey burn / set on fire
निर्दहन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootनिर्दह्
FormPresent, Indicative, Parasmaipada, Third, Plural
अपमानिताःinsulted / dishonoured
अपमानिताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअपमानित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

दक्ष उवाच

D
Dakṣa
ṛṣayaḥ (seers)
D
devāḥ (gods)
M
mānuṣāḥ (humans)
A
apamānitāḥ (the insulted ones; contextually Rudra’s attendants)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the ethical danger of humiliation and disrespect: when honour is violated, disorder spreads and destructive retaliation can follow, obscuring clarity and harming the wider community.

Dakṣa describes a sudden, all-encompassing darkness in which sages, gods, and humans are no longer seen; in that chaos, the insulted party (understood in context as Rudra’s attendants) begins setting things ablaze.