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Shloka 50

Adhyāya 270 — Yudhiṣṭhira’s inquiry on saṃnyāsa; Bhīṣma on calculable time, tamas, and karma

Vṛtra–Uśanā exemplum begins

भीष्म उवाच ततः पपात शिरसा ब्राह्मणस्तोयधारिणे । उवाच चैन धर्मात्मा महान्‌ मे<नुग्रह: कृत:

bhīṣma uvāca tataḥ papāta śirasā brāhmaṇas toyadhāriṇe | uvāca cainaṃ dharmātmā mahān me ’nugrahaḥ kṛtaḥ ||

Bhīṣma berkata: Lalu brāhmaṇa itu menjatuhkan diri dengan kepala tunduk penuh hormat di hadapan si pembawa air. Dan orang yang berjiwa dharma itu berkata kepadanya: “Suatu kurnia besar telah engkau lakukan kepadaku.”

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
ततःthen/from there
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
पपातfell down
पपात:
TypeVerb
Rootपत्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
शिरसाwith (his) head; head-first (in reverence)
शिरसा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशिरस्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
ब्राह्मणःthe Brahmin
ब्राह्मणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तोयधारिणेto the water-bearer (one carrying water)
तोयधारिणे:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootतोयधारिन्
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एनम्him
एनम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
धर्मात्माthe righteous-souled one
धर्मात्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मात्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
महान्great
महान्:
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मेmy/for me
मे:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
अनुग्रहःfavor; kindness
अनुग्रहः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअनुग्रह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कृतःdone; bestowed
कृतः:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Formक्त, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
B
brāhmaṇa
T
toyadhārin (water-bearer)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights dharmic conduct through humility and gratitude: true righteousness is shown by honoring others (even in socially modest roles) and recognizing kindness as ‘anugraha’ (grace/favor).

In Bhīṣma’s narration, a brāhmaṇa bows down with his head before a water-bearer, and the righteous person then speaks, acknowledging that a great favor has been done.