Adhyāya 270 — Yudhiṣṭhira’s inquiry on saṃnyāsa; Bhīṣma on calculable time, tamas, and karma
Vṛtra–Uśanā exemplum begins
7एप्गाजियशाड्टा ब्रह्मघ्ने च सुरापे च चौरे भग्नव्रते तथा । निष्कृतिर्विहिता सद्धिः कृतघ्ने नास्ति निष्कृति:,“ब्रह्मन! ब्रह्महत्यारे, शराबी, चोर और व्रतभंग करनेवाले मनुष्यके लिये साधुपुरुषोंने प्रायश्चित्तका विधान किया है, किंतु कृतघ्नके लिये कोई प्रायश्चित्त नहीं है
brahmaghne ca surāpe ca caure bhagnavrate tathā | niṣkṛtir vihitā sadbhiḥ kṛtaghne nāsti niṣkṛtiḥ ||
Bhīṣma berkata: “Wahai Brahmana! Bagi pembunuh seorang brāhmaṇa, peminum arak yang memabukkan, pencuri, dan juga orang yang memungkiri nazar (vrata), orang-orang baik telah menetapkan penebusan dosa (prāyaścitta). Namun bagi orang yang tidak tahu berterima kasih, tiada penebusan dosa.”
भीष्म उवाच
The verse ranks ingratitude (kṛtaghnatā) as a moral failure so grave that, unlike other major sins for which tradition prescribes prāyaścitta (expiation), it is treated as beyond ritual or formal atonement—implying that ethical character and loyalty to benefactors are foundational to dharma.
In Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma and moral conduct. Here he contrasts expiable transgressions (killing a Brāhmaṇa, drinking liquor, theft, breaking vows) with the unexpiable fault of ingratitude, emphasizing its social and ethical destructiveness.