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Shloka 1

परिव्राजक-आचारः (Conduct of the Wandering Renunciant) — Mahābhārata, Śānti-parva 269

अकाल सप्तर्त्याधिकद्विशततमो< ध्याय: स्यूमरश्मि-कपिल-संवाद--चारों आश्रमोंमें उत्तम साधनोंके द्वारा ब्रह्मकी प्राप्तिका कथन कपिल उवाच वेदा: प्रमाणं लोकानां न वेदा: पृष्ठतः कृता: । दे ब्रह्मणी वेदितव्ये शब्दब्रह्म परं च यत्‌,कपिलने कहा--स्यूमरश्मे! सम्पूर्ण लोकोंके लिये वेद ही प्रमाण हैं। अतः वेदोंकी अवहेलना नहीं की गयी है। ब्रह्मके दो रूप समझने चाहिये--शब्दब्रह्म (वेद) और परब्रह्म (सच्चिदानन्दघन परमात्मा)

kapila uvāca | vedāḥ pramāṇaṁ lokānāṁ na vedāḥ pṛṣṭhataḥ kṛtāḥ | dve brahmaṇī veditavye śabda-brahma paraṁ ca yat |

Kapila berkata: “Bagi semua manusia, Veda ialah ukuran berwibawa (pramāṇa); ia bukan disusun sebagai tambahan kemudian atau sokongan sekunder. Namun demikian, ‘Brahman’ harus difahami dapat diketahui dalam dua cara: sebagai Śabda-brahman—Brahman dalam bentuk sabda suci dan wahyu Veda—dan sebagai Para-brahman, Brahman Tertinggi yang melampaui kata-kata, hakikat paling luhur. Maka penghormatan kepada kitab suci ditegakkan, sementara ajaran menunjuk melampaui kitab suci menuju penyedaran langsung.”

कपिलःKapila
कपिलः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकपिल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular
वेदाःthe Vedas
वेदाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवेद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्रमाणम्authority; valid means of knowledge
प्रमाणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रमाण
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
लोकानाम्of the worlds/people
लोकानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वेदाःthe Vedas
वेदाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवेद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पृष्ठतःafterwards; from behind; later
पृष्ठतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपृष्ठतस्
कृताःmade; composed
कृताः:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPast passive participle, Masculine, Nominative, Plural
द्वेtwo
द्वे:
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Dual
ब्रह्मणीtwo Brahmans / two aspects of Brahman
ब्रह्मणी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Dual
वेदितव्येto be known; knowable
वेदितव्ये:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormGerundive (to be known), Neuter, Nominative, Dual
शब्दब्रह्मBrahman as word (the Veda)
शब्दब्रह्म:
TypeNoun
Rootशब्दब्रह्मन्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
परम्supreme; higher
परम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
यत्which; that (one)
यत्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

कपिल उवाच

K
Kapila
V
Vedas
Ś
Śabda-brahman
P
Para-brahman

Educational Q&A

The verse affirms the Vedas as a valid pramāṇa (authoritative guide) for human life, while distinguishing two levels of Brahman: Śabda-brahman (Brahman as sacred word/scripture) and Para-brahman (the supreme reality beyond words), implying that scripture guides one toward direct realization.

In the Kapila–Syūmarasmi dialogue of Śānti Parva, Kapila instructs his interlocutor by defending the authority of the Vedas and then reframing the goal: scriptural knowledge (word) is important, but it culminates in knowledge of the transcendent Supreme Brahman.