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Shloka 37

पापात्म-धर्मात्म-लक्षणम् तथा निर्वेदेन मोक्षमार्गः | Marks of the Sinful and the Righteous; Dispassion (Nirveda) as a Path to Liberation

भरणाद्धि स्त्रियों भर्ता पालनाद्धि पतिस्तथा । गुणस्यास्य निवृत्ती तु न भर्ता न पुन: पति:,“पुरुष अपनी स्त्रीका भरण-पोषण करनेसे भर्ता और पालन करनेके कारण पति कहलाता है। इन गुणोंके न रहनेपर वह न तो भर्ता है और न पति ही कहलाने योग्य है

bharaṇād dhi striyo bhartā pālanād dhi patis tathā | guṇasyāsya nivṛttī tu na bhartā na punaḥ patiḥ ||

Bhishma berkata: “Seorang lelaki disebut ‘bhartā’ kerana dia menanggung nafkah isterinya, dan disebut ‘pati’ kerana dia melindungi serta memeliharanya. Namun apabila sifat penentu ini tiada—tidak menanggung, tidak melindungi—dia tidak layak pada kedua-dua gelaran: sesungguhnya dia bukan bhartā dan bukan pati.”

भरणात्from (the act of) maintaining/supporting
भरणात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootभरण
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
स्त्रियोःof the two women / of women (dual form)
स्त्रियोः:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootस्त्री
FormFeminine, Genitive, Dual
भर्ताsupporter/maintainer (husband as provider)
भर्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभर्तृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पालनात्from protecting/caring for
पालनात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootपालन
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
पति:husband/lord
पति::
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तथाthus/likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
गुणस्यof the quality/attribute
गुणस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
अस्यof this (man/person)
अस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
निवृत्तौupon cessation/when absent
निवृत्तौ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootनिवृत्ति
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
तुbut/however
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भर्ताa maintainer (is) not
भर्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभर्तृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
nor/not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पुनःagain/also
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
पति:a husband (is) not
पति::
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

Titles like bhartā (maintainer) and pati (protector) are earned through conduct—providing and safeguarding—not granted merely by marriage or social convention. Without these duties, the moral basis for the titles collapses.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on dharma, Bhishma is teaching norms of household and social ethics, defining a husband’s legitimacy by his responsibility to maintain and protect his wife.