Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 16

चिरकारि-उपाख्यानम् / The Exemplum of Cirakārī: Deliberation Before Irreversible Action

सर्वतः शड़्कते स्तेनो मृगो ग्राममिवेयिवान्‌ । बहुधा5<चरितं पापमन्यत्रैवानुपश्यति

sarvataḥ śaṅkate steno mṛgo grāmam iveyivān | bahudhā caritaṃ pāpam anyatraivānupaśyati ||

Bhishma berkata: Seorang pencuri sentiasa curiga dan takut kepada semua orang, seperti rusa yang tersesat masuk ke kampung. Kerana berkali-kali melakukan kejahatan, dia menyangka dosa yang sama ada pada orang lain juga.

सर्वतःfrom all sides; everywhere
सर्वतः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसर्वतस्
Formavyaya (direction/extent adverb)
शङ्कतेfears; suspects
शङ्कते:
TypeVerb
Rootशङ्क्
Formpresent (laṭ), 3rd person, singular, parasmaipada
स्तेनःthe thief
स्तेनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्तेन
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
मृगःa deer
मृगः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमृग
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
ग्रामम्the village
ग्रामम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootग्राम
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
इवlike; as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
Formavyaya (simile particle)
एयिवान्having come; having entered
एयिवान्:
TypeVerb
Rootइ (गम्-अर्थे) → एयिवस्/एयिवान् (भूतकृदन्त)
Formperfect active participle (क्वसु), masculine, nominative, singular
बहुधाin many ways; many times
बहुधा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootबहुधा
Formavyaya (manner/frequency adverb)
चरितम्done; practiced; committed
चरितम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootचर्
Formpast passive participle (क्त), neuter, accusative, singular
पापम्sin; evil
पापम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपाप
Formneuter, accusative, singular
अन्यत्रelsewhere; in others
अन्यत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअन्यत्र
Formavyaya (locative adverb)
एवindeed; just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
Formavyaya (emphasis)
अनुपश्यतिsees; perceives (in others)
अनुपश्यति:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु + पश्य्
Formpresent (laṭ), 3rd person, singular, parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
T
thief (stena)
D
deer (mṛga)
V
village (grāma)

Educational Q&A

Wrongdoing breeds inner fear and suspicion: one who has repeatedly acted sinfully tends to project that same intent onto others, living in constant apprehension.

In Bhīṣma’s instruction on righteous conduct, he uses a vivid simile: a thief, like a deer trapped in a village, is frightened from every direction, because his own past misdeeds make him expect harm and deceit from others.