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Shloka 12

Prahlāda–Indra Saṃvāda: Kartṛtva (Agency) and Svabhāva (Nature) in the Causation of Karma

वाकृप्रबद्धो हि संसारो विरागाद्‌ व्याहरेद्‌ यदि । बुद्धयाप्यनुगृहीतेन मनसा कर्म तामसम्‌,संसारका सारा व्यवहार वाणीसे ही बँधा हुआ है, अतः सदा उत्तम वाणी ही बोले और यदि वैराग्य हो तो बुद्धिके द्वारा मनको वशमें करके अपने किये हुए हिंसादि तामस कर्मोंको भी लोगोंसे कह दे (क्योंकि प्रकाशित कर देनेसे पापकी मात्रा घट जाती है)

vākṛprabaddho hi saṃsāro virāgād vyāhared yadi | buddhyāpy anugṛhītena manasā karma tāmasam ||

Bhīṣma berkata: “Ikatan duniawi sesungguhnya terpasang oleh tutur kata dan tingkah laku; maka hendaklah seseorang sentiasa berkata yang mulia. Dan jika ia telah mencapai vairāgya (ketidaklekatan), maka—setelah menundukkan minda dengan bantuan akal budi yang tajam—hendaklah ia mengakui bahkan perbuatan-perbuatan tamasik (tāmasika) dirinya, seperti tindakan kekerasan; kerana apabila kesalahan dibawa ke terang, bebannya berkurang dan jalan penyucian menjadi lebih kukuh.”

वाक्speech, word
वाक्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवाच्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
ऋप्रबद्धःbound/fastened by debt/obligation (ṛṇa-)
ऋप्रबद्धः:
TypeAdjective
Rootऋ-प्रबद्ध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed, for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
संसारःworldly existence, saṃsāra
संसारः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंसार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विरागात्from dispassion
विरागात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootविराग
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
व्याहरेत्should utter/speak
व्याहरेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-आ-हृ
FormOptative (Vidhi-liṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
बुद्ध्याby/with intellect
बुद्ध्या:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootबुद्धि
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
अपिalso, even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
अनुगृहीतेनby (a mind) that is restrained/controlled (lit. 'favoured/held')
अनुगृहीतेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootअनु-ग्रह्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
मनसाby/with the mind
मनसा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
कर्मdeed, action
कर्म:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तामसम्tamasic, dark/ignorant
तामसम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootतामस
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

Speech and behavior can bind one to saṃsāra; therefore cultivate noble speech. With vairāgya and the guidance of buddhi, restrain the mind and openly acknowledge tamasic wrongs, since disclosure supports purification and lessens the weight of sin.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on dharma and inner discipline, Bhishma advises the listener that worldly entanglement is reinforced through speech, and he recommends controlled, truthful, elevating speech along with candid admission of past harmful deeds as part of ethical reform.