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Shloka 13

दमप्रशंसा — Praise of Self-Restraint

Dama

तद्‌ बीज॑ देहिनामाहुस्तद्‌ बीज॑ जीवसंज्ञितम्‌ । कर्मणा कालयुक्तेन संसारपरिवर्तनम्‌,वह अव्यक्त आत्मा ही देहधारी प्राणियोंका बीज है और वह बीजभूत आत्मा ही गुणोंके संगके कारण जीव कहलाता है। वही कालसे युक्त कर्मसे प्रेरित हो संसार-चक्रमें घूमता रहता है

tad bījaṁ dehinām āhus tad bījaṁ jīva-saṁjñitam | karmaṇā kāla-yuktena saṁsāra-parivartanam ||

Bhishma berkata: “Itu (Diri halus) dinyatakan sebagai benih bagi makhluk yang berjasad; benih yang sama itulah dikenali dengan nama ‘jīva’ apabila bersekutu dengan unsur-unsur alam (guṇa). Didorong oleh perbuatan yang berpadu dengan Waktu, ia terus berputar dalam kitaran kewujudan duniawi.”

तत्that (principle/thing)
तत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
बीजम्seed, cause
बीजम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबीज
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
देहिनाम्of embodied beings
देहिनाम्:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootदेहिन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
आहुःthey say, they declare
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormPerfect (Paroksha), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
तत्that
तत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
बीजम्seed
बीजम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबीज
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
जीवसंज्ञितम्called ‘jīva’
जीवसंज्ञितम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootजीव-संज्ञित
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
कर्मणाby/through action (karma)
कर्मणा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
कालयुक्तेनconnected with time (kāla)
कालयुक्तेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootकाल-युक्त
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
संसारपरिवर्तनम्turning/rotation in saṃsāra; transmigratory cycle
संसारपरिवर्तनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसंसार-परिवर्तन
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
J
jīva
Ā
ātman
K
kāla
K
karma
S
saṁsāra

Educational Q&A

The verse identifies the subtle Self as the causal ‘seed’ of embodied life. When that Self is associated with the guṇas (qualities of nature), it is spoken of as the jīva, and under the impulse of karma operating within time, it continues to revolve through saṁsāra.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma and liberation, Bhīṣma is teaching Yudhiṣṭhira about the metaphysical basis of bondage: how the individual self, conditioned by guṇas, is propelled by time-linked actions into repeated worldly cycles.