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Shloka 31

जनक-राज्ञः मौण्ड्य-परिव्रज्या-विवादः

Janaka’s Renunciation Questioned; Discourse on Dāna and Detachment

असक्त: सक्तवद्‌ गच्छन्‌ नि:संगो मुक्तबन्धन: । सम: शत्रौ च मित्रे च स वै मुक्तो महीपते,'पृथ्वीनाथ! जो आसक्तिरहित होकर आसक्तकी भाँति विचरता है, जो संगरहित एवं सब प्रकारके बन्धनोंको तोड़ चुका है तथा शत्रु और मित्रमें जिसका समान भाव है, वह सदा मुक्त ही है

asaktaḥ saktavad gacchan niḥsaṅgo muktabandhanaḥ | samaḥ śatrau ca mitre ca sa vai mukto mahīpate ||

Wahai raja, sesiapa yang batinnya tidak terikat namun bergerak di tengah kewajipan seolah-olah terlibat; yang bebas daripada keterlekatan dan telah memutuskan setiap ikatan; serta memandang sama rata terhadap musuh dan sahabat—dialah yang benar-benar merdeka pada setiap masa.

असक्तःunattached
असक्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअसक्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सक्तवत्like one attached
सक्तवत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसक्तवत्
गच्छन्going/moving about
गच्छन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
निःसङ्गःfree from association/attachment
निःसङ्गः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनिःसङ्ग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मुक्तबन्धनःwhose bonds are released; freed from bonds
मुक्तबन्धनः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमुक्तबन्धन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
समःequal, even-minded
समः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शत्रौin/with regard to an enemy
शत्रौ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मित्रेin/with regard to a friend
मित्रे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमित्र
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वैindeed, surely
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
मुक्तःliberated, free
मुक्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमुक्त
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
महीपतेO king (lord of the earth)
महीपते:
TypeNoun
Rootमहीपति
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna (speaker, per supplied metadata)
M
mahīpati (the king addressed)
E
enemy (śatru)
F
friend (mitra)

Educational Q&A

Liberation is defined by inner non-attachment and even-mindedness: one may continue to act in the world, but without clinging, without bondage, and without partiality between friend and foe.

The speaker addresses a king and characterizes the marks of a liberated person—someone who appears active in life yet remains inwardly free, unbound by attachments, and impartial in relationships.