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Shloka 22

Adhyāya 166: Kṛtaghna-doṣa (कृतघ्नदोषः) — the fault of ingratitude and the limits of expiation

नरकं निपतन्त्येते जुह्नाना: स च यस्य तत्‌ | तस्माद्‌ वैतानकुशलो होता स्याद्‌ वेदपारग:,यदि ये हवन करते हैं तो स्वयं तो नरकमें पड़ते ही हैं, जिसका वह यज्ञ है, वह भी नरकमें गरिता है। अत: जो यज्ञकर्ममें कुशल और वेदोंका पारछ्त विद्वान्‌ हो, वही होता हो सकता है

narakaṁ nipatanty ete juhvānāḥ sa ca yasya tat | tasmād vaitāna-kuśalo hotā syād veda-pāragaḥ ||

Bhīṣma berkata: “Orang-orang yang mempersembahkan oblation (tanpa kelayakan yang benar) jatuh ke neraka—dan orang yang untuknya korban itu dilakukan juga jatuh. Oleh itu, hanya imam hotṛ yang mahir dalam tata cara korban Veda dan telah menguasai Veda patut berkhidmat sebagai hotṛ.”

नरकम्hell
नरकम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनरक
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
निपतन्तिfall down
निपतन्ति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootपत्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
एतेthese (people)
एते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
जुह्वानाःoffering (oblations), sacrificing
जुह्वानाः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootहु
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
यस्यof whom/whose
यस्य:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
तत्that (rite/sacrifice)
तत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तस्मात्therefore/from that
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
तानकुशलःskilled in the (prescribed) rite
तानकुशलः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootतानकुशल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
होताHotṛ priest
होता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootहोतृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्यात्should be
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
वेदपारगःone who has mastered the Vedas
वेदपारगः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवेदपारग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
H
Hotṛ (priest)
V
Veda(s)
V
Vaitāna/Śrauta sacrifice (yajña)

Educational Q&A

Ritual acts are ethically weighty and must be performed by qualified, Veda-trained specialists; otherwise the karmic fault harms both the officiant and the patron of the sacrifice.

In Bhishma’s instruction on dharma, he warns about the dangers of unqualified performance of Vedic rites and insists that only a competent Hotṛ, trained in Śrauta procedure and grounded in the Vedas, should officiate.