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Shloka 11

Kāpavya-carita (कापव्यचरित) — Reforming Dasyus through Regulated Rāja-Dharma

बहवो ग्रामवास्तव्या रोषाद्‌ ब्रूयु: परस्परम्‌ । न तेषां वचनाद्‌ राजा सत्कुर्याद् घातयीत वा,यदि बहुत-से ग्रामवासी मनुष्य परस्पर रोषवश राजाके पास आकर एक- दूसरेकी निन्दा-स्तुति करें तो राजा केवल उनके कहनेसे ही किसीको न तो दण्ड दे और न किसीका सत्कार ही करे

bahavo grāmavāstavya roṣād brūyuḥ parasparam | na teṣāṁ vacanād rājā satkuryād ghātayīta vā ||

Bhishma berkata: “Apabila ramai penduduk desa, didorong oleh amarah, saling menuduh—memuji sebahagian dan mencela yang lain—di hadapan raja, maka pemerintah tidak wajar, semata-mata bersandar pada kata-kata mereka, menghukum sesiapa pun atau menganugerahkan kehormatan kepada sesiapa pun. Seorang raja tidak boleh menjadikan pertengkaran umum dan laporan berpihak sebagai asas penghakiman; hendaklah ia bertindak hanya setelah penyiasatan yang teliti.”

बहवःmany
बहवः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootबहु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
ग्रामवास्तव्याःvillage-dwellers
ग्रामवास्तव्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootग्रामवास्तव्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
रोषात्from anger / out of anger
रोषात्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootरोष
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
ब्रूयुःmight say / should say
ब्रूयुः:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormOptative, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
परस्परम्mutually / against each other
परस्परम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपरस्पर
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तेषाम्of them
तेषाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
वचनात्from (their) word / on the basis of (their) statement
वचनात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootवचन
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सत्कुर्यात्should honor / should treat well
सत्कुर्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootसत्कृ
FormOptative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
घातयीतshould cause to be killed / should execute
घातयीत:
TypeVerb
Rootघातय् (णिच्) ← हन्
FormOptative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
T
the king (rājā)
V
villagers (grāmavāstavyaḥ)

Educational Q&A

A ruler must not base punishment or honor solely on angry, partisan reports. Justice requires restraint and verification; public quarrels and mutual accusations are unreliable grounds for royal action.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rāja-dharma, Bhishma advises the king (Yudhiṣṭhira contextually) that when villagers come in anger accusing and praising each other, the king should neither punish nor reward merely on their testimony.