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Shloka 4

Ālasyadoṣa-nirdeśa (On the Fault of Negligence) — The Camel’s Long-Neck Exemplum

जातिस्मरो महानुष्ट: प्राजापत्ये युगे5भवत्‌ । तप: सुमहादातिष्ठदरण्ये संशितव्रत:,प्राजापत्ययुग (सत्ययुग) में एक महान्‌ ऊँट था। उसको पूर्वजन्मकी बातोंका स्मरण था। उसने कठोर व्रतके पालनका नियम लेकर वनमें बड़ी भारी तपस्या आरम्भ की

bhīṣma uvāca | jātismaro mahānuṣṭraḥ prājāpatye yuge 'bhavat | tapaḥ sumahad ātiṣṭhad araṇye saṃśitavrataḥ ||

Bhishma berkata: Pada zaman Prajāpati (Satya Yuga yang purba) hiduplah seekor unta yang agung, yang mengingati kelahiran-kelahiran lampau. Setelah mengambil suatu ikrar yang ketat, ia memulakan tapa yang amat berat di dalam hutan—menyerahkan seluruh hidupnya kepada disiplin dan pengendalian diri.

जातिस्मरःone who remembers (his) former birth
जातिस्मरः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootजातिस्मर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
महान्great
महान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उष्ट्रःcamel
उष्ट्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउष्ट्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्राजापत्येin the Prajāpatya (age/period)
प्राजापत्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootप्राजापत्य
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
युगेin the age (yuga)
युगे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयुग
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
अभवत्was/became
अभवत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
तपःausterity, penance
तपः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सुमहत्very great
सुमहत्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसुमहत्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आतिष्ठत्undertook, began (to practice)
आतिष्ठत्:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-स्था
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अरण्येin the forest
अरण्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअरण्य
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
संशितव्रतःone of sharpened/strict vows
संशितव्रतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसंशितव्रत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
P
Prajapatya Yuga (Satya Yuga)
A
a great camel (anuṣṭra)
F
forest (araṇya)

Educational Q&A

The verse introduces an ethical exemplum: even a non-human being, remembering past lives, can deliberately adopt strict vows and undertake tapas. It foregrounds the Mahabharata’s theme that dharma is supported by self-restraint and disciplined effort, not merely by birth or status.

Bhishma begins a story set in the primordial age: a great camel with past-life memory takes up a firm vow and starts intense austerities in the forest, preparing the ground for a moral lesson that follows.